Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Skeleton Keys > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

normal/norm

A

any tissue or organ functionally intact, free from disorder, and capable of sustaining its function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

anomally

A

deviation from the norm that is non-lethal and does not significantly change function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pathology

A

deviation from the norm that comprises and restricts function of a tissue/organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

skeletal evidence of disease

A
  • not all diseases will affect the skeleton and not all diseases that can affect the skeleton will do so in all people
  • skeletal reactions to disease tend to be generalized
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how can disease affect the bone?

A
  • formation
  • destruction
  • density
  • size
  • shape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

lytic lesions

A

abnormal destruction of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

blastic/sclerotic lesions

A

abnormal growth of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

periosteal reaction

A
  • formation of new bone in response to injury of or other stimuli to the periosteum surrounding the bone
  • can be caused by a tumor, infection, trauma, certain drugs, and some abnormal metabolic conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

osteomyelitis

A
  • any infection of bone and tissue
  • bone may enlarge and form bone buttresses/sheaths, drainage channels for pus, and/or islands of dead bone
  • infection that moved to the bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

infectious disease

A
  • may be bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic

- bone response is slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

syphilis

A
  • caused by venereal tereponemal infection
  • only in the third stage
  • affects periosteal new bone
  • affects bones closest to the skin, like frontal, nasal aperture, tibia, ribs, and sternum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

caries sicca

A
  • syphilis symptoms

- cavities formed and bones try to build around it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

saber tibia

A
  • syphilis symptoms

- new bone added to the bone to give it a bowing look

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tuberculosis

A
  • an airborne bacterial disease

- may result in lytic lesions, vertebral collapse, little to zero bone formation near lesions, can spread to other bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Leprosy

A
  • an airborne bacterial infection
  • may result in: concentric loss of bone from phalanges, rhinomaxillary syndrome (upper roof of the mouth and nose wear away)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

rickets

A
  • a childhood disease
  • lack of vitamin D
  • classic sign is leg bowing
17
Q

osteoporosis

A
  • most common bone disease in the elderly
  • decreased bone density
  • bones will become light and show a reduced trabeculae in x-rays
  • vertebral and hip fractures
  • kyphosis
18
Q

Paget’s Disease

A
  • chronic increase in rate of bone remodeling, progressing from lytic to sclerotic (bone being taken away and then overgrowth)
  • thickening of cortex and enlargements of bone
  • in adults, more common in men
  • most common sites: sacrum, spine, femora, skull, and sternum
19
Q

achondroplasia

A
  • common form of dwarfism
  • congenital
  • results from defective endochondral ossification
  • proportional large head with frontal bossing, lumbar lordosis, and short limbs
20
Q

gigantism

A
  • pituitary gland produces too much growth horomones

- initiates prior to epiphyseal fusion, normal body proportion and bone shape

21
Q

acromegaly

A

initiates after fusion, large brow ridges, mandibular prognathism, and large limbs

22
Q

cleft palate

A
  • may be partial or complete

- defect in the hard palate that may or may not involve anterior margin

23
Q

spina bifida occulta

A

-incomplete fusion of spinous process in the sacrum

24
Q

scoliosis

A
  • lateral curvature of the spine
  • usually results in the rotation of vertebrae and can create a hump in the chest due to anterior pushing of ribs on one side
25
Q

osteomas

A
  • benign overgrowths of normal bones
  • common, small, and usually of no clinical significance
  • can be found on any bone, but more common in frontal
26
Q

osteosarcoma

A
  • most common primary malignant bone tumor
  • femur, tibia, humorous
  • mixture of lysis and sclerosis
  • large mass of spiculate bone
27
Q

Ewings sarcoma

A
  • malignant primary bone tumor
  • most common in children and adolescents
  • femur, pelvis, and tibia
  • cortical erosion, rapid periosteal reaction
28
Q

multiple myeloma

A
  • malignancy of plasma cells arising in red marrow

- multiple small osteolytic lesions throughout skeleton and notably on the skull

29
Q

metastatic cancer

A

BLT with a Kosher Pickle

  • breast, lung, thyroid, kidney, prostate
  • lytic lesions have undercut edges with no signs of healing
30
Q

osteoarthritis

A
  • degenerative joint disease
  • marginal osteophytes and lipping on margins of new bones of joint surface
  • alteration of join contour
  • pitting of joint surface
  • eburnation
31
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A
  • autoimmune disease
  • characterized by joint erosion around the joint surface
  • effects hands, feet, knees, and ankles
32
Q

dental diseases

A
  • caries
  • carious lesions
  • bacterial breakdown of enamel, then dentin
33
Q

periodontal disease

A
  • infection of the tissue surrounding the teeth
  • bacteria breakdown of alveolar margins
  • localized areas of infection
34
Q

examples of infectious disease (airborne)

A
  • syphilis
  • tuberculosis
  • leprosy
35
Q

examples of metabolic diseases

A
  • rickets
  • osteoporosis
  • Paget’s disease
36
Q

examples of developmental pathology

A
  • achondroplasia
  • gigantism/acromegaly
  • cleft palate
  • spina bifida occulta
  • scoliosis
37
Q

examples of tumors

A
  • osteomas
  • osteosarcoma
  • Ewing’s sarcoma
  • multiple myeloma
  • metastatic cancer (BLT w/ a Kosher Pickle)
38
Q

examples of degenerative diseases

A
  • osteoarthritis

- rheumatoid arthritis

39
Q

examples of dental diseases

A
  • caries

- periodontal disease

Skeleton Keys (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions