Osteology Terminology Flashcards
skull
cranium and mandible
cranium
skull and mandible
callotte
skull cap, portion that is cut off during an autopsy
endocranium
inside cranial vault
ectocranium
outside cranial vault
viscerocranium
facial skeleton
neurocranium
brain case
how many bones are in the skull?
28
how many bones are paired in the skull? how many are singular?
11; 6
landmarks of the front of the skull
brow ridges
orbits
nasal aperture
mental foramen
landmarks of the side of the skull
zygomatic arch
external auditory meatus (EAM)
mastoid process
landmarks of the bottom of the skull
occipital candyles
foramen magnem
coronal suture
frontal and parietal
squamosal (sagital) suture
temporal and parietal
lambdoidal suture
occipital and parietal
how many teeth are there?
32
how many teeth are in each quadrant?
2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 pre-molars, and 3 molars
what is the tooth anatomy?
crown, neck, root, apex
axial skeleton
skull
spine with sacrum
ribs
sternum
thorax
clavicle
sternum
vertebrae
ribs
ribs
connected to the vertebra, connects to sternum
what are the functions of the rib cage?
protect the thoracic viscera, mechanical framework for respiration
sternal ribs
1-7
true ribs
common cartilage
8-10
false ribs
no sternal articulation
11-12
floating ribs
cervical vertebrae
7
neck
thoracic vertebrae
12
thorax
lumbar vertebrae
5
lower back
sacrum and coccyx
fused together
5 in the sacrum
3-5 in the coccyx
what are the unique features of two of the cervical vertebrae and what are they called?
C1 = atlas C2 = axis -holes on both sides -transverse foreman -angle of the lamina
what are the unique traits of thoracic vertebrae?
- rib articulations
- angle of the lamina
- ribs attach between vertebra
is there anything unique about lumbar vertebrae?
no
what are the functions of vertebrae?
- bear the body weight
- anchor ligaments
- protect the spinal cord
secondary curve
- weight bearing response
- spinal sagittal balance
- reduce the workload
when does the first curve start the appear? the second?
- when a baby starts to lift its head, around 2-3 months
- when a baby starts to walk, around 1 year
appendicular
- clavicle
- pectoral girdle
what are the parts of the long bone?
head
neck
shaft
epiphysis
head of the long bone
large, rounded, usually articular end of the bone
neck of the long bone
section of bone between head and shaft
shaft of the long bone
diaphysis, long, straight part between the ends
epiphysis
the articular end of the bone
what are the parts of the upper limb?
humorous, radius, and ulna
how many bones are in the hand?
27
manual phalanges
14
fingers
3 rows
metacarpals
5
bones of the hand
carpals
8
wrist bones
pelvis
composed of 2 os coxae
1 sacrum
os coxae
3 bones
ilium
pubis
iscnium
what are the parts of the lower limb?
femur, patella, tibia, fibula
how many bones are in the foot?
26
calcaneus
heal
tarsals
7
including the calcaneus
phalanges
14
toes
three sets
what is in the pectoral girdle?
scapula and clavicle
