Biological Profile: Sex Flashcards
1
Q
why do we estimate sex?
A
- rules out 50% of the population
- many biological profiles are sex specific
2
Q
sexual dimorphism
A
- changes in the physical characteristics between sexes
- not big differences between humans
3
Q
estimation of biological sex in children
A
- biological sex assessment is based on secondary sex characteristics
- cannot determine sex in children by skeletons alone
4
Q
what are secondary sex characteristics?
A
- develop during puberty
- causes changes in the skeleton
- males tends to be larger and more robust than females
5
Q
secondary sex characteristics in males and females
A
- men have longer and larger bones
- have more pronounced markings for muscle attachments
- larger joint surfaces
6
Q
nonmetric analysis
A
- visual analysis
- traits are not easily measured
7
Q
metric analysis
A
- standardized measurements
- based on statistical techniques
8
Q
pelvic differences
A
-female pelvises must be for both bipedalism and accommodate for childbirth
9
Q
subpubic angles
A
- males = v shape
- females = u shape
10
Q
greater sciatic notch
A
- in the pelvis -connects to the sacrum
- females = wide
- males = narrow
11
Q
pelvic inlet/outlet
A
- females have a larger and wider opening
- males are smaller and narrower
12
Q
phenice traits/pelvis pubis in females
A
- ventral arch is present
- subpubic cavity is concave
- ischiopubic ramus is narrow with a slight crest
13
Q
phenice traits/pelvis pubis in males
A
- ventral arch is nonexistant
- subpubic cavity is convex
- ischiopubic ramus is bload and flat
14
Q
sacrum
A
- males = narrow and longer
- females = wide and short - divided into 3 equal parts
15
Q
what is the scale in which bones are scored as a male or female?
A
- female
- probable female
- indeterminate
- probable male
- male
16
Q
brow ridges
A
more prominent in males
17
Q
orbital margins
A
- inside edge of the eye socket
- how thick the lip is inside the eye
- thinner and sharper in females
18
Q
nuchal area
A
- back of the skull
- thick overhang of the skull
- females have a more curved head
- males have a lip
19
Q
mastoid
A
- below and behind the ears
- males have a more prominent one and sticks down more
20
Q
mandible
A
- angle of the jaw
- more slopping in females
- more square in males
