Antemortem Trauma

Question 1

trauma

Answer 1

• injury or wound to living tissue
• caused by an extrinsic agent
• there is no trauma after death

Question 2

stress

Answer 2

-usually caused by repetitive loading/stress on bone

Question 3

pathology

Answer 3

fracture of bone already weakened by disease

Question 4

what are the 2 phases of living bone tissues?

Answer 4

• collagen and other proteins

- hydroxy apatite

Question 5

mechanics

Answer 5

fractures caused by different mechanisms, may look similar, and fractures with similar mechanisms may look completely different

Question 6

stress

Answer 6

force applied to given area of bone

Question 7

strain

Answer 7

deformation (relative to original shape/size)

Question 8

elastic

Answer 8

bone deforms but will return to original shape

Question 9

plastic

Answer 9

bone deforms but will not return to original shape

Question 10

failure

Answer 10

bone fracture

Question 11

what are the forces resulting in trauma?

Answer 11

• tension (pulled)
• compression (pushing)
• bending
• shear (sliding)
• torsion (twisting)

Question 12

what are the types of fractures?

Answer 12

• antemortem
• perimortem
• postmortem

Question 13

antemortem trauma

Answer 13

• occurred during life
• signs of either healing or infection at time of death
• often the edges of the bone appear blunt/smooth
• there may also be bone calluses or a lack of proper alignment
• week or more to see

Question 14

reactive

Answer 14

• fracture and inflammation (hematoma)

- granulation tissue formation (bony bridge)

Question 15

reparative

Answer 15

• callus formation

- lamellar bone deposition

Question 16

remodeling

Answer 16

original bone contour

Question 17

what are the phases of fracture healing?

Answer 17

• reactive
• reparative
• remodeling

Question 18

how long does it take for a hematoma to repair?

Answer 18

a few hours

Question 19

how long does it take for a callus to repair?

Answer 19

about 21 days

Question 20

how long is the remodeling phase?

Answer 20

4-6 weeks

Question 21

how long would it take for complete remodeling?

Answer 21

3-5 years

Question 22

what does the length of healing depend on?

Answer 22

• severity of the fracture
• site of the fracture
• extent to which fracture can be immobilized
• age and health
• if a bone is completely healed, there is no way to tell it was broken

Question 23

angulation

Answer 23

• imperfect repair
• limb may be shortened
• may or may not affect function

Question 24

pseudoarthrosis

Answer 24

• imperfect repair
• non-union of a fracture
• forms a false joint

Question 25

boxer fracture

Answer 25

-fracture of the 5th and 4th metacarpal

Question 26

colles’

Answer 26

• fall on an outstretched hand

- radius, end is pushed backwards

Question 27

parry

Answer 27

• ulna shaft, closer to wrist

- a defensive wound, bring up to arm to protect face

Question 28

monteggia

Answer 28

• proximal ulna, near the wrist

- fall on an outstretched hand

Question 29

galezzi

Answer 29

• radius

- dislocates ulna

Question 30

pars fracture

Answer 30

• fracture to the vertebral arch of the lowest lumbar vertebra
• can also be a congenital defect
• repetitive hypertension

Question 31

webber fracture

Answer 31

fracture of the distal tibia and/or fibia