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First Aid Diseases > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Down synd assoc’d w/?

A

ALL, AML (We ALL fall DOWN)

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2
Q

Chronic atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, post-op gastric remnants assoc’d w/?

A

Gastric adenoca

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3
Q

Tuberous sclerosis =

assoc’d w/?

A

= facial angiofibroma, seizures, retard

- giant cell astrocytoma, renal angiomyolipoma, cardiac rhabdomyoma

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4
Q

Actinic keratosis assoc’d w/?

A

SCC of skin

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5
Q

Plummer-Vinson synd assoc’d w/?

A

SCC of eso

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6
Q

Paget’s dz of bone assoc’d w/?

A

2* osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma

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7
Q

Immunodef states assoc’d w/?

A

Malig lymphomas

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8
Q

AIDS assoc’d w/?

A

aggressive malig lymphomas (Non-Hodgkin’s) and Kaposi’s sarcoma

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9
Q

Autoimm dz’s assoc’d w/?

A

Lymphoma

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10
Q

Acanthosis nigricans assoc’d w/?

A

visceral malig (stomach, lung, uterus)

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11
Q

Radiation exposure assoc’d w/?

A

Leukemia, sarcoma, papillary thyroid ca, breast ca

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12
Q

abl - gene prod? assoc’d w/?

Type of ca gene?

A

TK, CML t(9;22)

Oncogene

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13
Q

c-myc - gene prod? assoc’d w/?

Type of ca gene?

A

TF, Burkitt’s lymphoma t(8;14)

Oncogene

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14
Q

bcl-2 - gene prod? assoc’d w/?

Type of ca gene?

A

anti-apoptosis, follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas

Oncogene

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15
Q

HER2/neu (c-erbB2) - gene prod? assoc’d w/?

Type of ca gene?

A

TK (R syn is amplified), br/ov/gastric ca’s

Oncogene

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16
Q

ras - gene prod? assoc’d w/?

Type of ca gene?

A

GTPase (pt mutation), colon ca

Oncogene

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17
Q

L-myc - gene prod? assoc’d w/?

Type of ca gene?

A

TF, Lung tumor

Oncogene

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18
Q

N-myc - gene prod? assoc’d w/?

Type of ca gene?

A

TF (amplified), Neuroblastoma

Oncogene

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19
Q

ret - gene prod? assoc’d w/?

Type of ca gene?

A

TK (pt mutation), MEN 2A/B

Oncogene

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20
Q

c-kit - gene prod? assoc’d w/?

Type of ca gene?

A

cytokine R, GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor)

Oncogene

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21
Q

SIS - gene prod? assoc’d w/?

Type of ca gene?

A 
GF syn (overexp'n), osteogenic sarcoma and astrocytoma
Oncogene
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22
Q

Rb - gene prod? assoc’d w/?

Type of ca gene?

A

Inhib’s E2F so blocks G1->S, RetinoBlastoma and osteosarcoma

Tumor suppressor

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23
Q

p53 (TP53) - gene prod? assoc’d w/?

Type of ca gene?

A

TF for p21 so blocks G1->S, most ca’s and Li-Fraumeni synd (LABBS synd = leuk, ad, br/brain, sarcoma)
Tumor suppressor

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24
Q

BRCA1/2 - gene prod? assoc’d w/?

Type of ca gene?

A

DNA repair pr’s, br/ov ca

Tumor suppressor

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25
Q

p16 - assoc’d w/?

Type of ca gene?

A

Melanoma

Tumor suppressor

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26
Q

BRAF - gene prod? assoc’d w/?

Type of ca gene?

A

B-raf (PK in MAPK pthwy), melanoma

Tumor suppressor

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27
Q

APC - gene prod? assoc’d w/?

Type of ca gene?

A

prevent nuc trxn bc degrades catenin (act’s trxn), CRC (assoc’d w/ FAP)
Tumor suppressor

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28
Q

WT1 - gene prod? assoc’d w/?

Type of ca gene?

A

reg’s nuc trxn, Wilm’s tumor (nephroblastoma)

Tumor suppressor

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29
Q

NF1 - gene prod? assoc’d w/?

Type of ca gene?

A

RAS GTPase act’ing pr (RAS-GAP), NF1

Tumor suppressor

30
Q

NF2 - gene prod? assoc’d w/?

Type of ca gene?

A

Merlin (schwannomin) pr, NF2

Tumor suppressor

31
Q

DPC4 - gene prod? assoc’d w/?

Type of ca gene?

A

DPC (deleted in panc ca), panc ca

Tumor suppressor

32
Q

DCC - gene prod? assoc’d w/?

Type of ca gene?

A

DCC (deleted in colon ca), colon ca

Tumor suppressor

33
Q

PSA is a tumor marker for?

- also elevated in?

A

Prostate-sp Ag; prostate ca

- Elevated in BPH and prostitis

34
Q

Prostatic acid phosphatase is a tumor marker for?

A

Prostate ca

35
Q

CEA is a tumor marker for?

- Also made by?

A

CarcinoEmbryonic Ag; nonsp but made by ~70% of CRC and panc ca’s
- Gastric, br and medullary thyroid ca’s

36
Q

aFP is a tumor marker for?

A

alpha-fetopr; usu made by fetus; hepatocellular ca and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (testis, ovary)

37
Q

b-hCG is a tumor marker for?

A

Hydatidiform moles and Choriocarcinomas (placenta), (Gestational trophoblastic dz, aka related to preg)

38
Q

CA-125 is a tumor marker for?

A

ov ca

39
Q

S-100 is a tumor marker for?

A

Melanoma, neural tumors, schwannomas

40
Q

Alk phosphatase is a tumor marker for?

A

Met’s to bone, liver, Paget’s dz of bone

41
Q

Bombesin is a tumor marker for?

A

Neuroblastoma, lung and gastric ca

42
Q

TRAP is a tumor marker for?

A

Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP); Hairy cell leukemia (B cell neoplasm)
“Trap the Hairy animal”

43
Q

CA-19-9 is a tumor marker for?

A

Panc adenoca

44
Q

Calcitonin is a tumor marker for?

A

Medullary thyroid ca

45
Q

HTLV-1 is assoc’d w/ what ca?

A

Adult T-cell leuk/lymphoma

act’s TAX gene -> stim’s T cell prolif; inhib’s p53

46
Q

HCV is assoc’d w/ what ca?

HBV is assoc’d w/ what ca?

A 
Hepatocellular ca (from postnecrotic cirrhosis)
Hepatocellular ca (act's protooncogenes, inact's p53)
47
Q

EBV is assoc’d w/ what ca?

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma [t(18,14)], Hodgkin’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal ca, CNS lymphoma (in immcomp’d pt’s)

48
Q

HPV is assoc’d w/ what ca?

A

Cervical ca (16 has E6 to inhib p53, 18 has E7 to inhib RB), penile/anal ca, upper resp SCC

49
Q

HHV-8 is assoc’d w/ what ca?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma, body cavity fluid B-cell lymphoma

acts via cytokines from HIV and HSV

50
Q

H. pylori is assoc’d w/ what ca?

A

Gastric adenoca and lymphoma

51
Q

Schistosoma haematobium is assoc’d w/ what ca?

A

Bladder ca (SCC)

52
Q

Liver fluke (Clonorchis sinensis = Opisthorchis viverrini) is assoc’d w/ what ca?

A

Cholangioca of bile ducts

53
Q

Alfltoxins (Aspergillus) affect what organ? cause what ca?

A

Liver, hepatocellular ca (in assoc’n w/ HBV)

54
Q

Poly Vinyl chloride (PVC) affects what organ? cause what ca?

A

Liver, angiosarcoma

55
Q

Carbon tetrachloride affects what organ? cause what?

A

Liver, centrilobular necrosis and fatty change

56
Q

Nitrosamines (smoked foods) affect what organ? cause what ca?

A

Stomach, gastric ca

57
Q

Cigarette smoke (polycyclic hydroC’s) affects what organs? cause what ca’s?

A

Larynx -> SCC, lung -> sq and sm cell ca, kidney -> renal cell ca, bladder -> transitional cell ca, panc -> panc adenoca

58
Q

Asbestos affects what organ? cause what ca?

A

Lungs, bronchogenic ca > mesothelioma

59
Q

Arsenic affects what organs? cause what ca’s?

A

Skin -> SCC, liver -> angiosarcoma (lung ca too)

60
Q

Naphthalene (aniline) dyes [in moth balls] affect what organ? cause what ca?

A

bladder -> transitional cell ca

61
Q

Alkylating agents affect what organ? cause what ca?

A

bl, leukemia (malig lymphoma)

62
Q 
Benzene
Beryllium
Chromium
Cyclophosphamide
Diethylstilbestrol
Nickel
Silica
-> affect what organ? cause what ca?
A
  • acute leuk
  • bronchogenic ca
  • bronchogenic ca
  • transitional cell ca of bladder
  • clear cell ca of vagina/cervix
  • bronchogenic ca
  • bronchogenic ca
63
Q

Sm cell lung ca can cause what 3 paraneoplastic synds?

A

1) ACTH or ACTH-like peptide -> Cushing’s synd
2) ADH -> SIADH
3) LES (Abs to presyn Ca ch’s at NMJ)

64
Q

PTHrP from which 3 ca’s?
1,25-(OH)2 D3 (calcitriol) from which 2 ca’s?
EPO from which 4 ca’s?

A
  • sq cell lung ca, RCC, br ca (hyperCa)
  • Hodgkin’s lymphoma and some non-Hodgkin’s (hyperCa)
  • RCC, hemangioblastoma, HCC, pheo (polycythemia)
65
Q

Get hypoGlc from which ca?

A

HCC, secretes insulin-like factor

66
Q

Psammoma bodies =

Seen in which 4 ca’s?

A 
laminated, concentric, calcific spherules
PSaMMoma:
- Papillary adenoca of thyroid
- Serous papillary cystadenoca of ov
- Meningioma
- Malig mesothelioma
67
Q

Brain met’s usu come from?

A

Lung > br > GU > osteosarcoma > melanoma > GI (usu at gray/white jxn)

68
Q

Liver met’s usu come from?

A

Colon&raquo_space; stomach > panc

69
Q

Bone met’s usu come from?

A

Prostate (blastic), br (lytic and blastic) > lung (lytic) > thyroid, testes

70
Q

Choristoma =

A

nl tissue where it should NOT be

71
Q

Sequence of ca invastion?

A

Loss of intercellular adherence (los E-cadherin)
Cell invasion bc attaching to laminin (in bm) -> release type IV collagenase (contains Zn in NZ) -> attach to fibronectin in ECM -> produce cytokines and proteases (dissolve ct) -> produce factors that stim angiogenesis (VEGF and basic FGF)

72
Q

Lynch synd =

A

Hereditary nonpolyposis colon ca, w/o previous polyps; inact’n of DNA mismatch repair genes

First Aid Diseases (16 decks)

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