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First Aid Diseases > Embryo > Flashcards

Embryo Flashcards

1
Q

Truncus arteriosus and Bulbus cordis ->

A

Spiral and fuse to form ascending Ao and pulm trunk, and smooth (outflow) part of ventricles

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2
Q

How do heart septums form?

A

1) Muscular ventric septum (leaves interventric foramen)
2) AP septum forms mem inter-ventric septum, closes hole
3) Endocardial cushions do rest (AV mem, btwn atrial and part of btwn ventricles)

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3
Q

How does the interatrial septum develop?

A

1) Septum 1* gets rid of foramen 1*
2) Holes in septum1* form foramen2*
3) Foramen2* is R->L shunt as septum2* grows but keeps opening (foramen ovale)
4) Foramen2* enlarges, takes over septum1, but little bit of it remains as valve of foramen ovale
5) Septum1 and 2* fuse to form atrial septum, and foramen ovale closes after birth

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4
Q

Where does fetal erythropoiesis occur?

A 
"Young Liver Synthesizes Blood"
Yolk sac, 3-10wks
Liver, 6wks-birth
Spleen, 15-30wks
BM, 22wks-adult
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5
Q

Fetal postnatal deriv’s:

  • umbilical v.
  • umbilical a’s
  • allantois
  • notochord
A
  • ligamentum teres hepatis in falciform lig
  • mediaL umbilical lig’s
  • urachus-mediaN umbilical lig; urachal cyst/sinus is remnant
  • nuc pulposus of intervertebral disc
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6
Q

Thyroid comes from?
Connected to tongue by?
- cyst of this presents as?

A

Floor of primitive pharynx, descends into neck

  • Thyroglossal duct -> foramen cecum in adults (hole in back of tongue)
  • thyroglossal duct cyst: ant midline neck mass that moves w/ swallowing
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7
Q

Cyst in ant midline of neck?

Cyst in lat neck?

A
  • thyroglossal duct cyst

- branchial cleft cyst from persistent cervical sinus (from 2-4th branchial clefts, should go away)

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8
Q

Ab wall defects, failure of __ -> ?

  • rostal fold closure failure?
  • lat fold closure failure?
  • caudal fold closure failure?
A
  • sternal defects
  • omphalocele (ab contents covered by peritoneum), gastroschisis (ab contents freely out)
  • bladder exstrophy
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9
Q

Duo atresia is due to? assoc’d w/?

Jejunal, ileal, colonic atresia due to?

A
  • failure to recanalize, Tri21

- vasc accident (apple peel atresia bc affected area has spiral look)

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10
Q

When do the ab contents go out and come back into fetus?

A

Wk6 - midgut herniates thr um ring

Wk10 - returns to ab cavity + rotates around SMA

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11
Q

Most common tracheoeso anomaly?

  • Presents as?
  • Cyanosis from?
  • test by?
A

Eso atresia w/ Tracheoesophageal fistula

  • drooling, choking and V w/ first feeding; air in stomach on CXR
  • laryngospasm to avoid reflux-related aspiration
  • can’t put NG tube into stomach
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12
Q

Nonbilious projectile V at ~2wks old, w/ palpable olive mass in epigastric region = ?
- trtmt?

A

Congenital pyloric stenosis, more often in firstborn males

- surgical incision

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13
Q

Panc is made from which part of gut?

  • what are the 2 buds?
  • uncinate process =
A

Foregut

  • Ventral bud (head and main duct) and Dorsal bud (everything else)
  • from ventral bud, hood btwn 2 buds
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14
Q

Annular panc =

Panc divisum =

A
  • ventral bud encircles 2nd part of duo -> ring of panc tissue, may narrow duo
  • ventral and dorsal parts don’t fuse at 8wks
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15
Q

Spleen tissue is which of the 3 types?

- bl comes from?

A

Mesodermal (made from mesentery of stomach)

- Celiac art. (foregut)

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16
Q

Alar plate vs. basal plate of neural tube?

A

Alar plate is dorsal sensory side of neural tube, basal plate is ventral motor side

17
Q

Forebrain, aka ?

Becomes in adult? (walls and cavities)

A

Proencephalon

  • telencephalon -> CeC, lat ventricles
  • diencephalon -> thalamus, 3rd ventricle
18
Q

Midbrain, aka ?

Becomes in adult? (walls and cavities)

A

Mesencephalon

- midbrain, aqueduct

19
Q

Hindbrain, aka ?

Becomes in adult? (walls and cavities)

A

Rhombencephalon

  • Metencephalon -> pons and Ce, upper part of 4th ventricle
  • Myelencephalon -> medulla, lower part of 4th ventricle
20
Q

Spinal tube defect:

  • 2 lab markers?
  • due to?
A
  • incr’d AFP in amniotic fluid and mat serum, incr’d AChE in amniotic fluid
  • failure of neuropores to fuse at wk4
21
Q

Meningocele vs. meningomyelocele?

A

Meninges but not SC out thr spinal canal defect

Meninges and SC out thr canal defect

22
Q 
Chiari II (Arnold-Chiari malformation) = 
- usu presents w/?
A

Ce tonsillar and vermian herniation thr foramen magnum, also aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephalus
- myelomeningocele and paralysis below that

23
Q

Dandy-Walker malformation =

- assoc’d w/?

A

Agenesis of Ce vermis w/ cystic enlargement of 4th ventricle

- hydrocephalus and spina bifida

24
Q

Syringomyelia =

  • assoc’d w/?
  • usu at what level?
A

cystic enlargement of central canal of SC -> damages Xing fibers of spinothal tract -> bilat loss of pain/T in cape-like pattern

  • Chiari I malformation (sm Ce tonsillar ectopia)
  • C8-T1
25
Q 
Tongue:
Ant 2/3: arch? sensation? taste?
Post 1/3: arch? sensation? taste?
Motor innvervation?
M's from which myotome?
A
  • 1st, V3, VII
  • 3/4th, IX, IX (extreme post by X)
  • XII
  • occipital myotomes
26
Q 
Pronephros - wk?
Mesonephros - works when? becomes?
Metanephros - appears when? becomes?
- Ureteric bud: from? makes?
- Metanephric mesenchyme becomes?
A
  • 4, then degen’s
  • kidney for 1st trim; contributes to male genital system
  • appears in 5th wk, perm kidney
  • caudal mesonephros; ureter, pelvises, calyces, CDs; works by wk10
  • glom->DCT
27
Q

Most common site of obstruction in kidneys?

A

Ureteropelvic jxn bc is last to canalize -> hydronephrosis if obstructed

28
Q

Horseshoe kidneys:

  • Trapped under?
  • Assoc’d w/?
A

IMA

Turner’s synd

29
Q

Potter’s synd

  • cause of death in baby?
  • assoc’d w/ (3)?
A
  • pulm hypoplasia

- ARPKD, post urethral valves, bilat renal agenesis

30
Q

Multicystic dysplastic kidney, due to?

- if unilat is?

A

abnl interaction btwn ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme (needed to make glom->DCT) -> nonfunc’ing kidney w/ cysts and ct in it
- asymp, compensatory hypertrophy of other kidney

31
Q

Course of the ureters?

A

“Water under the bridge”

- Under uterine a./ductus deferens (retroperitoneal)

First Aid Diseases (16 decks)

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