Pathology Flashcards
What are the relevant aspects of the history that should be attached to each endometrial sample? (5)
1) Age of the women
2) Date of LMP and length of cycle
3) Pattern of bleeding
4) Hormones
5) Recent pregnancy
What 2 factors make the endometrium less vulnerable to infection?
1) Cervical mucus plug
2) Cyclical shedding
What is adenomyosis?
Endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium
In the management of fibroids, what is the only surgical option in cases were fertility wants to be preserved?
Myomectomy
Describe complex endometrial hyperplasia according to the headings of DISTRIBUTION, COMPONENT, GLANDS & CYTOLOGY?
Distribution - Focal
Component - Glands
Glands - Crowded
Cytology - Normal
When young women (i.e. <40) present with endometrial carcinoma, which 2 conditions should be considered as causative?
1) PCOS
2) Lynch syndrome
Endometrial carcinoma has 2 main groups; which is the most common and what is it’s precursor lesion?
Endometrioid carcinoma; atypical hyperplasia
What causes infertility in cases of cervicitis?
Simultaneous silent Fallopian tube damage
What accounts for the majority of malignant cervical tumours?
Invasive squamous carcinoma
In staging of malignant cervical tumours, what is involved in stage 3?
Involvement of the pelvic wall
State 3 signs/symtpoms of endometriosis
- Pelvic inflammation
- Infertility
- Pain
What is the most common breast lesion?
Fibrocystic change
Describe the pain in fibrocystic change
Sudden/Cyclical pain, which drops post-menopause
What lesion is sometimes termed the “breast mouse”?
Fibroadenoma
Describe the pathogenesis of fat necrosis
1) Initial damage and disruption adipocytes
2) Infiltration by acute inflammatory cells
3) “Foamy” macrophages appear with subsequent fibrosis and scarring
