Pathology Flashcards
what are the auditory meatus and external canal lined with
epidermis (skin)
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
what is the middle ear lined with
columnar lined mucosa
what is the nose lined with
Schneiderian epithelium
Is Identical to respiratory mucosa – pseudostratified ciliated columnar.
what is the pathogenesis of Cholesteatoma
COM and perforated tympanic membrane
what is cholesteatoma
when the epithelium of the skin has got into the middle ear
therefore, high cell turnover and abundant KERATIN production
Sx of cholesteatoma
Foul discharge
Deafness
Headache
Pain
where do the majority of vestibular schwannoma occur and what are they associated with
Cerebellopontune angle
(between cerebellum and pons)
associated with vestibular portion of CNVIII
if patient has bilateral vestibular schwannoma what should be considerede
NF type 2
features of NF 1
Autosomal dominant.
Widespread neurofibromas.
Bony defects, café au lait spots, axillary and inguinal freckling, Lisch nodule
features of NF 2
Bilateral vestibular schwannoma
Multiple meningiomas
Gliomas
Café au lait
what congenital condition is associated with nasal polyps
Cystic Fibrosis
what are the common causes for nasal polyps
allergy infection asthma aspirin sensitivity nickel exposure
what is Wegener’s granulomatosis
small vessel vasculitis limited to respiratory tract and kidneys
what is +ve in Wegener’s granulomatosis
cANCA
when is pANCA positive
microscopic polyangiitis
what malignancy does EBV have a strong associated with
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Lymphoma
what area has high prevalence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Far East
what are laryngeal polyps
reactive changes in laryngeal mucosa secondary to vocal abuse/infection/smoking/hypothyroid
what is squamous papilloma/papillomatosis of the throat associated with
HPV 6 and 11
what is a paraganglioma
Tumours arising in clusters of neuroendocrine cells dispersed throughout the body.
what are the two types of paraganglioma
Chromaffin positive
Non-chromaffin
features of chromaffin positive
sympathetic nervous system and can secrete catecholamines.
usually adrenal medulla
features of non-chromaffin
carotid bodies, aortic bodies, jugulotympanic ganglia, ganglia nodosum of vagus and clusters around oral cavity, nose, nasopharynx, larynx and orbit.
what are paraganglioma associated with
MEN 2
