Head and Neck Cancer + Nose Disease Flashcards
(18 cards)
what is linked to throat and cervical cancer
HPV 16 and 18
what is used to stage the cancer
CT scan
what is linked with nasopharyngeal cancer
EBV
what is the most common cancer of the head and neck
SCC - 95%
major risk factors for head and neck cancer
Alcohol
Tobacco
Age
who gets HPV associated cancer
Younger patients
Better prognosis
what do mast cells release in type 1 hypersensitivity
histamine
leukotrienes
what can be used to treat rhinitis
topical corticosteroids e.g. beclomethasone anti-histamines e.g. cetirizine decongestants e.g. pseudoephedrine anticholinergics e.g. ipratropium LTR blockers e.g. montelukast
what can cause rhinitis
infective - viral URTI
non infective - allergic, non-allergic
what can cause allergic rhinitis
intermittent
- grass pollen
- tree pollen
- fungal spores
persistent
- house dust mite
- cat/dog
Tx of allergic rhinitis
Allergen avoidance
1 - anti-histamies
2 - topical steroids
3 - anti-histamies and topical steroids
what is nasal polyps associated with
non-allergic asthma
cystic fibrosis
Tx of nasal polyps
Oral then topical steroids
if no improvement, surgery
Sx of acute infective rhino sinusitis
Facial pain
Discharge
Nasal blockage
Tx - analgesics and decongestants
you would always x-ray in nasal and sinuses problems - true or false
false
you would never x-ray
Ix of rhinitis/allergy
Skin prick test
RAST (IgE levels)
when there is unilateral discharge what should be considered
young child - foreign body
adult - nasal or paranasal tumour
what is orbital cellultits
complication of acute sinusitis
urgent referral needed
