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Q3 > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Rhinitis

A

Rhinovirus, allergic rhinitis, Type I hypersensitivity, eosinophils
Associated with asthma and eczema

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2
Q

Nasal polyp

A

Cystic fibrosis

Aspirin intolerant asthma

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3
Q

Angiofibroma

A

benign tumor in nasal mucosa, epistaxis

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4
Q

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

Malignant
EBV
Pleomorphic keratin-positive epithelial cells

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5
Q

Acute epiglottis

A

H. influenza B

Inspiratory stridor

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6
Q

Laryngotracheobronchitis (CROUP)

A

Upperairway inflammation, parainfluenza

Hoarse barking cough

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7
Q

Vocal cord nodule (singer’s nodule)

A

myxoid, hoarseness, rest voice

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8
Q

laryngeal papilloma

A

Benign, HPV6 and 11

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9
Q

Laryngeal carcinoma

A

squamous cell carcinoma
Risks alcohol and tabacco
hoarseness, cough, stridor

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10
Q

Pneumonia

A

Fever chills, productive cough with yellow-green sputum( pus) or rusty (blood), tachypnea with pleuritic chest pain, decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, elevated WBC
Diagnose: CXR, sputum culture, blood culture
three types: lobar pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, interstitial pneumonia

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11
Q

Lobar pneumonia

A

consolidation of entire lobe, S. Pneumoniae, Klebsiella.

Congestion, red hepatization (due to exudate n filling alveolar), gray hepatization (degradation), resolution

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12
Q

Bronchopneumonia

A

scattered pathy consolidation centered around bronchioles, multifocal, bilateral.

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13
Q

Interstitial (atypical) pneumonia

A

Diffuse interstial infiltrates, mild upper resp symptoms (minimum sputum, low fever)
Bacterial or viral

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14
Q

Aspiration pneumonia

A

Alcoholics, comatose patients, Bacteroides, fusobacterium, peptococcus

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15
Q

Tuberculosis (TB)

A 
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Primary TB (asymptomatic) 
Secondary TB (AIDS)
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16
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Asthma
Bronchiectasis

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17
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A

Blue bloater, Reid index >50%, persistent cough with buckets of mucus

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18
Q

Emphysema

A

Pink puffer, A1AT panacinar w liver cirrhois , smoking centriacinar. Hypoxema, cor pulmonale

19
Q

Asthma

A

TH2, leukotrines, eosinophils, aspirin, spiral-shaped mucus plugs, Charchot-Leyden crystals.

20
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

inflammation, purulent sputum (smelly)

21
Q

Restrictive lung diseases

A

Sarcoidosis, IPF, Pneumoconioses, hypersensitivity pneumonitis

22
Q

Idiopathy pulmonary fibrosis

A

TGF beta, bleomycin, amiodaone, honeycomb lung, transplantation

23
Q

Pneumoconioses

A

Asbestosis, Berylliosis, Coal miners pneumoconiosis, Silicosis

24
Q

Asbestosis

A

Lung cancer, mesothelioma,, pleural plaques, asbestos bodies

25
Q

Silicosis

A

Fibrotic nodules in upper lobes of lungs, TB risk increases

26
Q

Coal Miners pneumoconiosis

A

Caplan syndrome, anthracosis, Rheumatoid arthitis, black lung

27
Q

Berylliosis

A

Aerospace, noncaseated granuloma, risk lung cancer

Tx: corticosteroids

28
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

Elevated ACE, Hypercalcemia, asteroid bodies, AA females, noncaseating granulomas,
Tx: Steroids or goes away

29
Q

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

Pigeon breeder’s lung, granulomatous, fever, flu-like symptoms

30
Q

Pulmonary Hypertension

A

> 25 mmHg, primary (BMPR2) and secondary

31
Q

Respiratory Distress syndrome

A

whiteout, hyaline membrane, give PEEP

32
Q

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

A

hyaline, low surfactant (lecithin/ DPPC)

Norm ratio >2

33
Q

Small cell carcinoma

A

Chemo, smoking, central, syndromes

34
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Keratin pearls, male smoker, central PTHrP

35
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

Most common, nonsmokers, female smokers, glands mucin, pleural involvement

36
Q

Large cell carcinoma

A

poorly differentiated, smoking, central or peripheral, poor prognosis

37
Q

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma

A

Not related to smoking, peripheral, Pneumonia-like

38
Q

Carcinoid tumor

A

Not related to smoking, central or peripheral . low-grade malignancy

39
Q

Metastasis to the lung

A

From breast and colon

40
Q

Pneumothorax

A

spontaneous or tension

41
Q

Spontaneous pneumothorax

A

trachea side of collapse

42
Q

Tension pneumothorax

A

trachea opposite side, MEDICAL EMERGENCY

43
Q

Mesothelioma

A

Exposure to asbestos, malignant neoplasm

Presents: Recurrent pleural effusions, dyspnea, and chest pain; Tumor encases the lung

Q3 (5 decks)

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