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Q3 > Anti-infective Drugs > Flashcards

Anti-infective Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Acyclovir

A

Nucleoside DNA polymerase inhibitor used to treat herpes simplex interactions such as genitals, labials, encephalitis

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2
Q

Albendazole

A

Benzimidazole drugs binds to beta-tubulin and inhibibits polymerization of tubulin dimers for intestinal nematode infections

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3
Q

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

A

beta-lactam antibiotic, beta-lactamase inhibitor for respiratory tract infections, clavulanate has no antimicrobial activity by itself

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4
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Antifungal agent, binds ergosterol and increases membrane permeability allowing leakage of cell contents (Ampho- TEAR-able). Candidiasis

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5
Q

Azithromycin

A

Macrolide antibiotic , binds 50S ribosome prevents peptide elongation and translocation from acceptor site to peptide site; for respiratory tract infections

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6
Q

Aztreonam

A

Beta-lactam antibiotic, monobactam bindings penicillin-binding proteins including transpeptidases inhibits cross-linking of cell wall peptidoglycan.

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7
Q

Caspofungin

A

Antifungal agent; echonocandin drug inhibits synthesis of fungal cell wall component b-1-3-D-glucan.

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8
Q

Cefazolin

A

beta lactam antibiotic; first generation cephalosporin binds penicillin-binding proteins including transpeptidases inhibiting cross linking of cell wall peptidolycan

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9
Q

Cefepime

A

beta lactam antibiotic; fourth generation cephalosporin, binds PBPs (penicillin binding proteins) resistant to Beta-lactamases

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10
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

beta lactam antibiotic; third generation cephalosporin binds PBPs including transpeptidases inhibiting cross-linking of cell wall peptidoglycan

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11
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone drug inhibits bacterial DNA topoisomerase II (DNA Gyrase) and Type IV; prevents DNA replication and separation of chromosomes (decatenation); Used for UTIs

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12
Q

Clindamycin

A

Aminosugar antibiotic binds 50S ribosomes prevents translocation of nascent peptide from acceptor site to peptide site

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13
Q

Doxycycline

A

Tetracycline antibiotic protein synthesis inhibit binds 30S, reversibly inhibits binding of transfer RNA to acceptor (aminoacyl) site.

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14
Q

Efavirenz

A

Antiretroviral agent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inibitor. Used for HIV

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15
Q

Enfuvirtide

A

Antiretroviral, binds HIV GP41 and blocks fusion of HIV with host cell i.e CD4

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16
Q

Erythromycin

A

Macrolide antibiotic binds 50S for respiratory tract infections such as pharyngitis

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17
Q

Ethambutol

A

Antitubercular agent; synthetic butanol derivative, bacteriostatic against mycobacteria; can inhibit RNA synthesis

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18
Q

Foscarnet

A

Antiviral agent pyrophosphate derivative, blocks pyrophosphate-binding sites on viral DNA polymerases

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19
Q

Fosfomycin

A

Antibiotic cell wall synthesis inhibitor; inhibits enolpyruvyl transferase and addition of phosphoenol pyruvate

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20
Q

Ganciclovir

A

Antiviral agent; Nucleoside analogue that is converted to ganciclovir triphosphate which inhibits viral DNA polymerase

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21
Q

Gentamicin

A

Aminoglycoside antibiotic binds 30S ribosome preventing initiation of protein synthesis causes misreading of genetic code

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22
Q

Griseofulvin

A

Antifungal agent, fungistatic antibiotic; disrupts microtubules and mitosis of dematophytes; deposits in keratin precursor cells of skin, hair, nails.

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23
Q

Imipenem-cilastatin

A

beta lactam antibiotic, carbapenem antibiotic combined with a dehydropeptidase inhibitor for endocarditis, pneumonia, UTIs

24
Q

Isoniazid (INH)

A

Antitubercular agents nicotinic acid derivative reduces catalase-peroxidase which inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid component of cell wall; resistance due to mutations to KatG gene for catalase-peroxidase; Used for tuberculosis

25
Q

Itraconazole

A

Antifungal agent, synthetic triazole drug inhibits 14-a-demethylase. for Blastomycosis, candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis

26
Q

Ivermectin

A

Antiparasidic agent, antihelmintic antibiotic activates glutamate-gated Cl- ion channel causing pharyngeal muscle depolarization and paralysis

27
Q

Levofloxacin

A

Antibacterial fluoroquinolone drug inhibits DNA topoisomerase II and IV (DNA gyrase) preventing DNA replication

28
Q

Linezolid

A

Antibacterial drug, oxazolidinone protein synthesis inhibitor, binds 23S ribosomal component of 50S preventing formation of 70S initiation complex,

29
Q

Maraviroc

A

Anti-HIV agent, chemokine co-receptor CCR5 antagonist

30
Q

Mefloquine

A

Antimalarial agent, 4-quinoline methanol derivative, inhibits erythrocytic schizogony.

31
Q

Metronidazole

A

Antiprotozoal agent, nitroimidazole; forms nitrofree radicals that attack DNA and proteins: Amebiasis, giardiasis

32
Q

Miltefosine

A

Antiprotozoal agent; Membrane active phospholipid inhibits metabolism of glycolipids

33
Q

Mupirocin

A

Antibiotic protein synthesis inhibitor competes with isoleucine for binding bacterial tRNA synthase

34
Q

Nafcillin

A

beta lactam antibiotic

35
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

UTI antibacterial agent, nitrofuran drug inhibits bacterial enzymes; treatment and prophylaxis of UTIs caused by E coli, Staphylococcus saprophytic and others

36
Q

Oseltamavir (Tamiflu)

A

Antiviral agent, neuraminidase inhibitor inhibits influenza A and B neuraminidase preventing release and spreading of viral particles.

37
Q

Paromomycin

A

Antiprotozoal agent, aminoglycoside antibiotic inhibits protein synthesis

38
Q

Penicillin G

A

Beta-lactam antibiotic narrow spectrum penicillin

39
Q

Pentamidine

A

Antiprotozoal agent Amidino-pentane derivative disrupts nucleic acid synthesis in protozoa

40
Q

Piperacillin-tazobactam

A

Beta lactam antibiotic antipseudomonal penicillin and beta-lactamse inhibitor

41
Q

Praziquantel

A

Antihelminic agent, isoquinoline derivative, increases Ca2+ permeability of schotosome tegument, curing contraction and exposing antigens to host immunity.

42
Q

Primaquine

A

Antimalarial agent

43
Q

Pyrimethamine

A

Antiprotozoal agent, folate reductase inhibitor

44
Q

Quinine

A

Antimalarial agent, 4-aminoquinoline drugs binds plasmodial DNA and prevents replication and transcription during erythrocytic schizogony

45
Q

Quinupristin-dalfopristin

A

Streptogramin antibiotic, protein synthesis inhibitor of 50S

46
Q

Raltegravir

A

Anti-HIV agent; integrase DNA strand transfer inhibitor

47
Q

Ribavirin

A

Broad-spectrum antiviral agen guanosine analogue use for RSV infections in kids

48
Q

Rifampin

A

Antitubercular agent, inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase used for tuberculosis, leprosy

49
Q

Ritonavir-Iopinavir

A

Antiretroviral agent, HIV protease inhibitors

50
Q

Streptomycin

A

Aminoglycoside antibiotic protein synthesis inhibitor binds 30S ribosome use for Drug-resistant tuberculosis, plague tularemia

51
Q

Terbinafine

A

Antifungal agent allylamine drug for fingernail infection

52
Q

Trifluridine

A

Antiviral agent thymidine analogue inhibits herpes simplex DNA polymease

53
Q

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

A

Antibacterial agent, folate antagonist, UTI

54
Q

Vancomycin

A

Glycopeptide antibiotic cell wall synthesis inhibitor, binds d-alanyl-d-alanine portion of peptidoglycan, prevents cross-linking of d-alanine and peptaglycine chain

55
Q

Zidovudine

A

Antiretroviral drug; nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.

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