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Q3 > Cardio Pharm > Flashcards

Cardio Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Quinidine

A

1A Sodium, increase QT

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2
Q

Lidocaine

A

1B (sodium blocker) weak

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3
Q

Flecainide

A

1C (sodium blocker) strong Increase PR, Increase QRS

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4
Q

Propranolol

A

II (beta blocker) increase PR, decrease heart rate

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5
Q

Dofetilide

A

III, Potassium increase QT

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6
Q

Verapamil

A

IV calcium

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7
Q

Thiazides

A

Diuretic

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8
Q

Spironolactone

A

Aldosterone antagonist, potassium sparing diuretic; Adverse gynecomastia

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9
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Diuretic, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

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10
Q

Adenosine

A

Antiarrhythmic, given as a bolus, used for termination of supraventricular tachycardia

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11
Q

Aliskiren

A

Direct Renin ihibitor for use in hypertension

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12
Q

Amiloride

A

Potassium sparing diuretic, prevention and treatment of hypokalemia, often coupled with diuretic or loop-acting diuretic. (adverse can cause hyperkalemia)

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13
Q

Amiodarone

A

Antiarrhythmic, Supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias including v-fib and v-tachycardia. Very long half-life (several weeks). Can cause pulmonary fibrosis, blue-gray skin, photosensitivity

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14
Q

Amlodipine

A

Dihydropyridine Ca+ channel blocker; for hypertension and angina pectoris, long half-life, can cause hypotension.

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15
Q

Carvedilol

A

Blocks b1, b2 and a1 receptors for use in heart failure.

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16
Q

Clonidine

A

alpha2 agonist, used for emergency HTN under limited situations; does not decrease renal blood flow.

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17
Q

conivaptan

A

diuretic (vasopressin antagonist)

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18
Q

Digoxin

A

Cardiac stimulant; Use for HF; use to slow ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation

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19
Q

Diltiazem

A

Vasodilator, Non-dihydropyridine Ca+ channel blocker; used to treat HTN, angina pectoris; supra ventricular tachycardia

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20
Q

Dofetilide

A

III ; K+ channel blocker, used to prevent and treat atrial fibrillation and flutter; can cause tornadoes de points

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21
Q

Enalapril

A

Antihypertensive, ACEi; use for HTN, HF, post MI infarction,inhibits bradykinin degradation

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22
Q

Esmolol

A

B1 blocker (II)

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23
Q

Fenoldopam

A

Agonist at D1 receptors; rapid acting, hypertensive emergencies (IV administration) causes arteriolar vasodilation, including afferent and efferent renal arterioles, increases renal blood flow.

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24
Q

Furosemide

A

LaSIX, Loop diuretic, use for edema, HF, HTN, Hypercalcemia.

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25
Q

Hydralazine

A

Vasodilator, HF, relaxes arteriolar smooth muscles; Usually used with beta blockers and diuretic to prevent tachycardia and fluid retention.

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26
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Thiazide diuretic, for HTN, good for kidney stones, causes hypokalemia

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27
Q

Labetalol

A

alpha and beta blocker, antiHTN; oral administration

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28
Q

Mannitol

A

Diuretic, osmotic agent, IV administration

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29
Q

alpha-Methyldopa

A

a2 agonist, for HTN can be used during pregnancy

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30
Q

Minoxidil

A

AntiHTN, hair growth stimulant, vasodilator, K+ channel opener in vascular smooth muscle, muscle relation, to treat sever hypertension and topical treatment of alopecia

31
Q

Nesiritide

A

Recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide, for HF

32
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Antianginal agent, vasodilator increases coronary blood flow and decreases oxygen demand; sublingual or lingual for acute, short half-life

33
Q

Nitroprusside

A

Vasodilator, relaxes venous and arteriolar smooth muscle and decreases BP and cardiac preload and after load. Use in a hypertensive crisis; Used in cardiogenic shock

34
Q

Propafenone

A

IC, Na+ channel blocker, Supraventricular tachycardia, a-fib, v-arrhythmia

35
Q

Quinidine

A

IA, Sodium channel blocker, Supraventricular and v-arrhythmias

36
Q

Ranolazine

A

Selective Na+ channel blocker, abtianginal and anti-ischemic agent

37
Q

Sotalol

A

III Potassium channel blocker

38
Q

Valsartan

A

ARBs, for HTN, HF, cause less than ACEi

39
Q

Verapamil

A

Non-dihydropyridine Ca+ channel blocker in the heart; HTN, angina, supra ventricular tachycardia,

40
Q

Aspirin

A

Acetylsalicylic acid; anti-platelet drug; non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor

41
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Lipitor; can cause myalgias

42
Q

Atenolol

A

B1 antagonist > B2

43
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic AchR antagonist; Use for bradycardia and AV block, increases heart rate and conduction velocity, causes smooth muscle relaxation; mydriasis and cycloplegia:
SIDE EFFECTS: Hot as a hare, dry as bone, red as a beet, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter. Jimson weed!

44
Q

Dobutamine

A

b1 > b2&raquo_space; a1 ; increases cardiac contractility and cardiac output > heart rate; use in acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock

45
Q

Epinephrine

A

beta > alpha ; use in cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, asthma

46
Q

Edrophonium

A

Cholinestarase inhibitor; Used to diagnose myasthenia gravis (slow) Short acting

47
Q

Phenylbenzamine

A

irreversible alpha antagonist (vasodilator)

48
Q

Phentolamine

A

nonselecive alpha antagonist (vasodilator) reversible

49
Q

Phenylephrine

A

a1 > a2 agonist; Vasoconstrictor; nasal and ocular decongestant, dilation of pupil (EPINEPHRINE REVERSAL with alpha blocker)

50
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Muscarinic Ach agonist, treatment of glaucoma by increasing aqueous humor outflow, increases salivation; Useful for tx Sjogren’s syndrome (arthritis, dry eyes, dry mouth)

51
Q

Propranolol

A

nonselective beta antagonist (b1 and b2); decreases HR, CO, BP, Myocardial oxygen demand

52
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A

decongestant;increases release of NE.

53
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

Antimyasthenic agent, cholinestase inhibitor; Ach agonist

54
Q

Sildenafil

A

Vasodilator, PDE inhibitor, increases vasodilation in corpus cavernosusm, for erectile dysfunction, bad serum levels increased by P450

55
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Paralytic agent, binds nicotinic receptors causing persistant depolarization

56
Q

Methacholine

A

Challenge test for diagnosing asthma. Stimulates muscarinic receptors when inhaled.

57
Q

Carbachol

A

Carbon copy of Ach

58
Q

Bethanechol

A

Ach, Resistant to AchE; “Bethany chol me to activate your bowels and bladder.

59
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Ach, Resistant to AchE “you can cry, drool, and sweat on your pilocarpine”

60
Q

Neostigmine

A

Inhibits AchE

61
Q

Parathion

A

Organophosphate (inhibits AchE) thereby increasing Ach; causes diarrhea, urination, mitosis, bronchospasm, bradycardia, excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, Lacrimation, Sweating, and Salivation.

62
Q

Ipratropium

A

Muscarinic antagonist; tx COPD and Asthma “ I pray I can breathe soon”

63
Q

Tiotropium

A

Muscarinic antagonist: Tx of COPD and Asthma “Tio I pray tropium I can breath soon with this medication”

64
Q

Cocaine

A

Prevents reuptake of NE

65
Q

Amphetamine

A

promotes release of NE and also prevents reuptake of NE

66
Q

Tetrodotoxin

A

Bind Na+ channels in heart and nerves, block action potentials. s

67
Q

Albuterol

A

b2 > b1 agonist; for acute asthma

68
Q

Salmeterol

A

b2 > b1 agonist; long-term treatment for asthma or COPD control

69
Q

Dopamine

A

D1=D2 > beta > alpha; for unstable bradycardia

70
Q

Isoproterenol

A

b1= b2

71
Q

Norepinephrine

A

a1 > a2 > b1 agonist; Tx hypotension but decreases renal perfusion

72
Q

Ephedrine

A

Releases stored Catecholamines (NE, Epinephrine); useful for nasal decongestion, hypotension

73
Q

Mirtazapine

A

a2 blocker used to treat depression

Q3 (5 decks)

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