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Lung > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Atelectasis?

A

Inadequate surfactant production in infants

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2
Q

Most common cause of obstructive atelectasis in children?

A

Mucous plugging = #1
OTHER
- Foreign Body
- Tumor

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3
Q

Resorptive atelectasis causes (3)?

A

Pneumonia
Neuro-muscular weakness
General Anesthesia

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4
Q

Compression atelectasis causes?

A

PTX
Tumor
Cysts

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5
Q

Contraction atelectasis cause?

A

Pleural Fibrosis

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6
Q

How do you prevent resorptive atelectasis after general anesthesia?

A

Deep Ventilation exercises

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7
Q

Cause of centriacinar Emphysema?

A

SMOKING

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8
Q

Cause of panacinar Emphysema?

A

A1aT deficiency (rare)

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9
Q

Most important factor in Emphysema management?

A

Smoking Cessation

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10
Q

Cough and foul-smelling sputum, possibly with massive hemoptysis that can progress to Cor Pulmonale and Amyloidosis?

A

Bronchiectasis

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11
Q

Causes of bronchiectasis?

A

Cystic Fibrosis = 1
Tumor
Foreign body
Allergic aspergillus

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12
Q

Asthma mucous plugs called?

Eosinophil crystals called?

A

Curshman Spirals

Charcot-Leyden Crystals

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13
Q

IL4 does what in asthma?

A

Induces plasma cell switching to IgE

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14
Q

IL-5 does what in asthma?

A

Induces Eosinophil production

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15
Q

IL-10 does what in asthma?

A

Induces TH2 cell and inhibits TH1 cells

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16
Q

Early phase vs. late phase asthma?

A 
Early = Mast cell degranulation --> LKTs
Late = MBP from eosinophils
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17
Q

Fungal Pneumonias by region?

A 
Histoplasma = Mississippi River Valley
Blastomycosis = Great Lakes
Coccidiomycosis = Deserts
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18
Q

Most common cause of lobar pneumonia?

A

S pneumo

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19
Q

Cause of bronchopneumona?

A

Many different organisms

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20
Q

Interstital Pneumona Causes?

A

Atypical Organisms

  • Viral
  • M pneumo
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21
Q

Who gets aspiration pneumona?

A

Alcoholics

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22
Q

Causes of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

A 
Sepsis
Shock
Trauma
Drug
Hypersensitivity
23
Q

Treatment for non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema?

A

Mechanical ventilation

24
Q

Most common cause of diagnosed interstital lung disease?

2nd most diagnosed?

A 
1 = Idiopathic
2 = inhaled exposure
25
Q

Drugs associated with interstital lung disease?

A 
Amiodarone
Bleomycin
Cyclophosphamide
Methotrexate
Nitrosurea
Nitrofurantoin
26
Q

African American Female age 20 with non-caseating granuloma, hilar lymph nodes, asteroid bodies, hyperkalemia, elevated ACE and interstital lung disease?

A

Sarcoidosis

27
Q

Honeycomb lungs due to TGFb mediated damage?

Possibly related to abnormal healing response to pneumonia

A

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

28
Q

Treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Lung transplant

29
Q

Subacute female non-smoker with pulmonary interstitial infiltrates WITHOUT honeycomb pattern?

A

Non-specific Interstitial Pneumonitis

30
Q

Flu-like interstitial disease due to granular plugs blocking alveoli?

A

Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia

31
Q

Treatment for Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia?

A

Steroids

32
Q

Alveolar proteinosis is what?

A

A poorly understood cause of interstital lung disease due to the inability of macrophages to clear up surfactant

33
Q

Lymphangioleimyomatosis is what? Who gets it?

A

A poorly understood cause of interstital lung disease that WOMEN get.

34
Q

Inhalation of what causes multiple small fibrotic nodules?

A

Silica

35
Q

Progression of asbestos inhalation?

A

Direct toxic effect to parenchyma and pleura
Asbestos bodies form in lower lungs
Mesothelioma = malignant neoplasm that encases the lungs

36
Q

How do you diagnose asbestosis?

A

Lung Biopsy

37
Q

Outcomes of coal worker pneumoconiosis (Black Lung)?

A

90% = benign

10% massive fibrosis

38
Q

Which inhalation increases TB risk?

Which doesn’t?

A

Silicosis DOES

Pneumoconiosis DOESNT

39
Q

Primary cause of pulmonary HTN? Who gets it?

A

Young Women

BMPR2 mutation –> SM proliferation

40
Q

Secondary cause of pulmonary HTN?

A

HYPOXIA

41
Q

Most common causes of Hemoptysis?

A 
Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Bronchiectasis
TB
Bronchitis
Bacterial Pneumonia
42
Q

Rare causes of hemoptysis?

A

Goodpastures
Anti-Neutrophil Ab vaculitises
SLE
Idiopathic pulm hemorrhage

43
Q

Single central lung nodule along with SIADH, and diarrhea (Carcinoid syndrome)?

A

Small Cell Carcinoma

44
Q

Single central lung nodule with Hypercalcemia and paraneoplastic syndrome?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

45
Q

Non-smoker with peripheral single nodule?

A

Adenocarcinoma

46
Q

TX for adenocarcinoma?

A

EGFR inhibitors

47
Q

Prognosis for Small CC?

Carcinoid tumors?

A 
Small = Undifferentiated and very aggressive
Carcinoid = Good Prognosis
48
Q

Lung cancers that present peripherally? (3)

A

Adenocarcinoma
Large Cell Carcinoma
Carcinoid Tumors

49
Q

Cause of Transudate?

A

Increased Hp or Decreased Op

CHF or Nephrotic Syndrome

50
Q

Cause of Exudate?

A

Bacterial Pneumonia = #1

Malignant effusion

51
Q

Causes of chylothorax?

A

Trauma

Malignancy

52
Q

Causes of hemothorax?

A

Trauma
Aorta rupture
Malignancy

53
Q

1 of the following indicates what?

  • pleural protein >2.9
  • pleural cholesterol >45
  • pleural LDH > 0.45
A

Exudate!

54
Q

Treatment for pleural effusion?

A

Thoracocentesis

Lung (6 decks)

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