Pathology 3 Flashcards
What is the main purpose of the corpus spongiosum?
corpus spongiosum doesn’t expand as much as corpus cavernosum during an erection - keeps the urethra open and doesn’t allow it to collapse
Which invasion is worse in cancer?
Corpus cavernosum - as it has more vasculature
What is balanitis xerotic obliterans(BXO)/ lichen sclerosis?
very common
usually young patients
even neonates and kids & very old men
phimosis (foreskin that is stuck - red and swollen =, leading to painful urination)
paraphimosis –> can’t bring down the retracted foreskin
Histology of BXO
chronic inflammation/ scar tissue beneath the epithelium, hyalinisation and the foreskin in less pliable
What are the HPV viruses that cause benign genital warts?
HPV 6 and 11
What are the HPV viruses that cause high risk ones?
HPV 16 and 18
Neoplasia of the penis
PEiN - penile intraepithelial neoplasia
no grading
Undifferentiated PEiN causes
HPV related
Differentiates causes of PEiN
non HPV
Is penile cancer common?
NO
What is CIN?
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Features felt on the testis
Lots of lumps and bumps paratesticular swellings testicular swellings Orchitis Torsion
What are the functional unit of the testis?
Semineferous tubule
What are the germ cells vs sertoli cells?
Germ cells –> produce sperms
Sertolid cells –> nourishment and environment within the tubules
Leydig cells-
What hormones stimulates the sertoli cells?
FSH
Sertoli only syndrome
No germ cells hence can’t do IVF as there are no sperms produced
What controls the Leydig cells?
LH
convert testosterone into the DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone)