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Renal > Microbio > Flashcards

Microbio Flashcards

1
Q

Which urine sample is collected in people with UTI?

A

washout the 1st part distal end of urethra and the middle part collected

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2
Q

In whom should dipstick not be done?

A

older patients and catheterised patients

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3
Q

Which urine sample is collected in those with genital infections?

A

the 1st bit

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4
Q

biggest cause of UTI?

A

bacillus –> ECOLI (lactose fermenters0

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5
Q

What are the other coliform lactose fermenters that cause UTI?

A 
E.coli
Klebsiella sp.
Serratia ap.
Proteus
Citrobacter sp.
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6
Q

is pseudomonas a coliform?

A

No

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7
Q

What makes E.coli the biggest cause of UTI?

A

Endotoxin

Fibriae - helps it stay on and go up the UTI

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8
Q

Another common

A

Proteus

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9
Q

Which individuals have a higher chances of getting a proteus infection?

A

Big stones - staghorm calculi

produces ammonia and precipitates salt in the urinary tract

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10
Q

Smell of proteus plate

A

burnt chocolate –> produces ammonia and precipitates salt s in the urinary tract

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11
Q

Features of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Gram negative bacillus
NOT COLIFORM

ONly quinolone

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12
Q

How do quinolones work on

A

prevents supercoiling of the bacterial DNA

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13
Q

Side effects of ciprofloxacin

A

reduces seizure threshold

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14
Q

Gram positive organisms which cause UTI

A

Enterococcus spp.
Enterococcus faecalis
Entercoccus faecium
S. aureus

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15
Q

Most common g. positive

A

Enterococcus faecalis

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16
Q

Who are the individuals who gets enterococcus faecalis?

A

hospital associated

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17
Q

UTI in women of child-bearing age caused by>

A

Staphylococcus saphrophyticus

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18
Q

Symptoms and signs of UTI

A

dysuria (pain passing urine)
frequency of urination
nocturia
haematuria

fever }
loin pain } suggest involvement of
rigors } upper urinary tract

19
Q

What should be considered if someone has fever, loin pain and rigors associated with UTI?

A

Upper tract UTI

20
Q

Best Specimen collection in UTI

A

midstream specimen of urine

21
Q

Staph aureus in UTI

A

not common

bacteriaemia

22
Q

Where does the balloon of the catheter sit?

A

neck of the baldder

23
Q

Which container is used if the time to orevent bacterial multiplication esp in places where it can’t reach the lab within 2 hours of collection?

A

Boricon container -

24
Q

is CSU useful?

A

not much unless there is UTI

25
Q

Dipstick urine testing used only in which patients?

A

Younger patients who might have cyctitis

26
Q

When is microscopy of urine done?

A

specific renal manifestations –> casts

rarely upfront, if done after culture

27
Q

causes of mixed culture sample results

A

poor sample, or semi-treated infection

28
Q

What is a significant result in a culture?

A

> 10 raised to 5/ ml

29
Q

What are the ideal antibiotics in uncomplicated lower UTI?

A 
Ideal antibiotic should be:
excreted in urine in high concentration
oral
inexpensive
few side effects
30
Q

How many days should individuals with UTI be treated for?

A

3 days

31
Q

Abacterial urethral syndrome

A

early phase of UTI

urethral trauma - honeymoon cystitis

urethritis due to clamydia or gonorrhoea

32
Q

When is abacterial bacteriuria treated?

A

PREGNANT WOMEN

even if they are asymptomatic

33
Q

When should catheterised patients be given antibiotics?

A

only if they have symptoms that are consistent with catheter

higher rates of antibiotic resistance

34
Q

which antibiotic for Female lower UTI?

A

Nitrofurantoin or trimethoprim orally (3 days)

35
Q

Which antibiotic for Uncatheterised male UTI?

A

(get cultures !!)

nitrofurantoin or trimethoprim orally (7 days)

36
Q

Which drugs are needed for Complicated UTI or pyelonephritis (GP)?

A

Co-amoxiclav or co-trimoxazole (14 days)

37
Q

Which drug for Complicated UTI or pyelonephritis (Hospital)?

A

Amoxicillin(40% of our g.negatives are resistant for it) and gentamicin (for all g.negative) IV for 3 days

(cotrimoxazole and gentamicin if penicillin allergy), stepdown as guided by antibiotic sensitivities

38
Q

Not useful mostly

A

co-trimoxazole

39
Q

Which drugs for ESBLS?

A

pivmecillinam (oral)

temocillin (IV)

cefalexin (oral)

co-amoxiclav = amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (IV, oral)

ciprofloxacin (IV, oral)

40
Q

When should blood be checked for gentamicin after it’s admin?

A

6-14 hrs later to make sure gentamicin is completely removed from the blood

41
Q

Why is the blood checked after gentamicin?

A

to check for nephrotoxicity

42
Q

How should gentamicin be administered?

A

IV

43
Q

Gentamicin contraindication

A

Pregnancy

44
Q

What is the dosing for gentamicin?

A

7 mg/kg

Renal (21 decks)

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