Pathology

Question 1

red neurons are:

Answer 1

shrinkage of cell bodies and pyknosis of nucleus
esinophilia

Question 2

spheroids are
central chromatolysis

Answer 2

peripheral displacement and nissl bodies and body enlargemnt

Question 3

inclusions are seen in:
acccumulation of liofuscin seen in and what is the stain
tay sachs dis is:

Answer 3

viral dizs
older ppl \ wear and tear
ganglioside lipid accumilation

Question 4

gemistocytes are ____ and seen in ____

Answer 4

swollen astrocytes that are acidophilic cytoplasim
tumor

Question 5

rosenthal fibers are seen

Answer 5

old gliosis

Question 6

macrophages in infarction

Answer 6

gitter cells

Question 7

macrophages in syphilis

Answer 7

rod cells (elongated)

Question 8

microglial cells around injured cells

Answer 8

microglial nodules

Question 9

microglial cells around dead neurons is

Answer 9

neuropahgia

Question 10

most common route of infection for CNS

Answer 10

hematogenous

Question 11

selective sites for all of
CMV
HSV
polio
VZV

Answer 11

ependymal cells
temporal and orbital
anterior horn of spinal cord
thoracic dorsal root inclusions

cytoplasmic inclusions in rabies
nucleus inclusions in CMV

Question 12

vulnirability of CNS tissue to hypoxia

Answer 12

pyramidal cells in hippocampus
purkinji cells in cerebellum
basal ganglia
watershed areas

Question 13

watershed areas include:

Answer 13

area between MCA and ACA
between PCA and MCA
between superior cerebellar and posterior cerebellar

Question 14

very hemorrhageic cuz of thin wall

Answer 14

venous sinus thrombosis (venous infarction)

Question 15

datings of infarcts:
red neurons
neutrophils
macrophages
astrocytes and peak at
macrophages leaving

Answer 15

12-24
1-3days
1-2 weeks
after days and peaks several weeks
several weeks after

Question 16

degeneration of the descending corticospinal tracts aafter stroke is called

Answer 16

wallerian degeneration

Question 17

most common intercerebral hemorrage cause is

Answer 17

hypertention

Question 18

causes superficial lobar hemorrhage

Answer 18

cerebral amyloid angiopathy(superficial arteries are most superficial to emboli)

Question 19

berry aneurysm sequelae
both acue and chronic

Answer 19

vasospasm in base of the brain
chronic: fibrosis of leptomeningies and hydroencephalus

Question 20

causes of berry aneurysm are

Answer 20

smoking and hypertensyion
marfan syn. and PCKD

Question 21

commonest congenital vascular abnormality and mostly seen in males where abnormal connections between veins and , A, are seen = glioti brain tissue between vessels , seizures, migranes

Answer 21

AVM

Question 22

recovery with amnesia for the event, no lesion

Answer 22

concussion

Question 23

injury of gyri crest, croup and countercroup

Answer 23

contousions and lacirations

Question 24

Acceleration / Deceleration injury and Stretching forced that effects the white matter and post-traumatic coma, demintia are seen

Answer 24

Diffuse Axonal Injury

Question 25

skull fracture causing Rupture of middle meningeal artery and shows lucid and rapid loss of consciousness

Answer 25

Epidural hematoma

Question 26

seen when changed head velocity, Disruption of Bridging Veins and About 50% of acute are accompanied by fracture.
can be Acute (Frontoparietal is common.)

Chronic (develops after 3 weeks, brain atrophy or ‘Battered Baby Syndrome)

Answer 26

Subdural hematoma
More common than epidural

Question 27

Level of injury determines outcome:
 Thoracolumbar →
 Cervical →
 Above C4 →

Answer 27

Paraplegia

Quadriplegia

Paralysis of diaphragm

Question 28

most common intracranial tumors in adults:

Answer 28

metastatic
glioblastoma multiform
anaplastic astroctoma
meningioma

Question 29

most common intracranial tumors in children:

Answer 29

astrocytoma
meduuloblastoma
ependymoma

Question 30

ki 67 is a marker of:

Answer 30

proliferative marker

Question 31

extraspinal and extradural intraspinal tumors are

Answer 31

lymphoma and metastasis

Question 32

extramedullary intraspinal tumors

Answer 32

shwannoma and meningioma

Question 33

intramedullary intraspinal tumors

Answer 33

epnedymoma and astrocytoma

Question 34

secound most form of dementia after Alzheimer and seen after multiple strokes with grey matter lesions

Answer 34

vascular demintia

Question 35

TDP43 mutation and pick bodies
apoptosis , expanded ventricles and shrink in brain

Answer 35

FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIAS of picks disease

Question 36

a synuclein gene mutation, with lewy bodies is:

Answer 36

parkinson diz and L DOPA is used

Question 37

: Dementia that appears within 1 yr. of onset of motor symptoms,

Answer 37

Lewy body dementia

Question 38

autosomal dominant and a defect in ch 4 with CAG repeat and POLYQ
choreforim is seen

Answer 38

HUNTINGTON DISEASE

ATROPHY IN STARTUM

Question 39

Accumulation of α synuclein gene product → neuronal death in S.N. producing dopamine → difficulty initiating movement.

with tremor, cogwheel rigidity,slow movements, expressionless facies and instability

Answer 39

Parkinson disease

Question 40

genetic mutation on Cha → overproduction of CAG repeats → death of neurons in basal ganglia → Choreiform movements

Answer 40

Huntington disease

Question 41

, β amyloid accumulation in and around neurons in the neocortex and hippocampus (control memory) → Death of neurons

Answer 41

Alzheimer disease→

Question 42

mutation in superoxide dismutase SOD1
on ch21 \TDP 43

Riluzole is USED T REDUCE FOR 2 -3 MONTHS

Answer 42

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, (ALS) Lou Gehrig’s disease