Biochemistry

Question 1

Large neutral amino acids like _______ are transmitted via _______

Answer 1

a pushub
L system amino acids transporter

Question 2

small neutral AA such as_______

Answer 2

GABA, glycine, alanine, proline
A system AA transporter

Question 3

receptor mediated transcytosis transferres :

Answer 3

insulin, GH, transferrin

Question 4

nerve tissue constitutes _____ of an adult and weight __ of which is the brain
the brain contributes ___ of an adult body weight asd consumes __ of O2

Answer 4

2.4%
83%
2%
20%

Question 5

if blood glucose falls below ____ the cerebral function is impaired

Answer 5

<50 mg\dl

Question 6

small nitrogen containing NT :
- AA NT:
- Catecholamines
- biogenic amine (monomines)

Answer 6

Ach and NO
glycine GABA aspartate glutamate
dopamine epinephrine norepinephrine
histamine and seratonin

Question 7

excitatory, inhibitory, both NT:

Answer 7

glutamine aspartate NO
glycine GABA serotonin dopamine
Ach and norepinephrine

Question 8

catecholamines are synthesized from_____
——— is a coenzyme that helps with hydroxylation
_____ is a donor of methyl group and it turns into _____ and can be returned back by_____

Answer 8

tyrosine
BH4
SAM \ SAH \ B12 and folate

Question 9

synthesis of dopamine happens in the_____ mean while turning it into nor\epinephrine happen in ____

Answer 9

cell body
NT vesicles

Question 10

catecholamine are transferred to storage vesicles by______ and are degraded via the degenerative enzymes ______ to form terminal products of nor\epinephrine______ and dopamine ______-

Answer 10

VMAT2
MOA / COMT
VMA \HVA

Question 11

Seratonin is synthesized by ______ and its rate limiting enzyme is______ can be inactivated by______

Answer 11

tryptophan
seratonin hydroxylase
MOA

Question 12

Histamine is synthesized from one enzymatic step

Answer 12

HISTIDINE decarboxylase

Question 13

Ach is made from _______ and needs the enzyme
_______ .
sarin is a toxin inhibiting _____ leading to _____

Answer 13

acetyl COA and choline
choline acetyltransferase
ach esterase - paralysis

Question 14

glutamate is made by 3 methods:

Answer 14

deamination of glutamine by glutaminase
amination of a ketoglutarate by glu dehydrogenase
transamination of a ketoglutarate by transaminase

Question 15

the major inhibitory NT, synthesized by GAD from glutamate and requires B6

Answer 15

GABA

Question 16

NT thats synthesized by TCA cycle from oxalate
and it cannot pass the BBB

Answer 16

Aspartate

Question 17

NT thats made from serine

Answer 17

glycine

Question 18

NT thats made from arginine

Answer 18

NO

Question 19

the most common NT is_____

Answer 19

substance p

Question 20

Mealtonin is synthesized by

Answer 20

serotonin in the pineal gland

Question 21

neuropeptides are :

Answer 21

opioids
posterior pituitary peptides (9AA)
Substance p (11 AA)

Question 22

1-acetoacetate 2-hydroxypetrate

Answer 22

Two main ketone bodies

Question 23

transport glucose from blood into the brain.
transport glucose from EC into the neurons.

Answer 23

1. (GLUT-1)
2. (GLUT-3)

Question 24

The action of the neurotransmitter is terminated through:

Answer 24

o reuptake into the presynaptic terminal or postsynaptic
terminal
o diffusion away from the synapse
o enzymes inactivation