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REPRO > PATHOLOGY > Flashcards

PATHOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

what dz of the penis occurs almost exclusively in the uncircumcised?

A

squamous cell carcinoma of the penis

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2
Q

during which phase do testes fail to descend and thus cause cryptoorchidism?

A

MC in inguinoscrotal phase (takes testis from brim of pelvis into scrotum)
-90-95% of cases

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3
Q

the fried egg appearance on microscopy refers to what testicular neoplasm?

A

seminoma

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4
Q

term for lining of body passages and cavities that communicate directly or indirectly w/ the exterior (commonly containing mucin-secreting glands)

A

mucosa

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5
Q

term for outermost layer of an organ in a serosal cavity consisting of fibroelastic tissue covered by mesothelium continuous w/ the lining of the cavity

A

serosa

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6
Q

term for acellular fibrous (collagenous) membrane separating the organized cellular elements of a tissue from the interstitium

A

basement membrane

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7
Q

name the term: the purely cellular avascular layer covering & lining all the external & internal surfaces of the body & associated glands

A

epithelium

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8
Q

name the term: the supportive connective tissue around the parenchyma

A

stroma

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9
Q

how would a granulosa cell tumor manifest clinically in a child?

A

precocious puberty

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10
Q

how would a granulosa cell tumor manifest clinically in an adult?

A

abnormal uterine bleeding

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11
Q

would a granulosa cell tumor manifest differently after menopause?

A

yes mass lesion would be slow growing and produce androgens–>hirsutism

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12
Q

70% of ovarian tumors, including 90% of malignant ones are from the serosal surface why?

A

because there is rupture and repair of this surface every month

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13
Q

what is the decidual reaction?

A

around the surround stroma: characterized by enlargement of the decidual stromal cells and glycogen storage

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14
Q

what percent of clinically negative nodes have breast cancer tumor?

A

40%

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15
Q

what percent of clinically + nodes do not have breast cancer tumor?

A

15%

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16
Q

mammography can detect what size tumors via microcalcification?

A

1-2 mm

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17
Q

microcals are present in what percentage of breast cancer carcinomas?

A

50%

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18
Q

what percent of suspicious microcals turn out to be breast cancer carcinoma?

A

20%

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19
Q

what is the most important breast cancer prognostic factor for dz free, overall survival, and Rx regiment?

A

axillary lymph node mets

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20
Q

what is more common DCIS or LCIS?

A

DCIS

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21
Q

what are some contraindications to breast conserving surgery ?

A
  • tumor size: if tumor is large component of small breast
  • prev. radiation
  • multicentric dz
  • pregnancy
  • persistent positive margins
  • relative: collagen vascular dz, multifocal dz, large breasts
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22
Q

if pt has breast cancer how do you determine if the pt gets adjuvant systemic therapy?

A

Tumor size >1cm
ER/PR negative >5mm
Her2 positive >5 mm
Nodes positive

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23
Q

what is the single most important prognostic factor of epithelial ovarian tumors?

A

clinical stage at time of detection

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24
Q

most common type of ovarian tumor?

A

surface epithelial tumor

25
Q

Most kind of germ cell tumor in women?

A

cystic teratoma (benign)

26
Q

what is the 2nd most common type of ovarian tumor?

A

germ cell tumor

27
Q

name the tissue that these tumors are derived from:

cystic teratoma and embryonal carcinoma

A

fetal tissue

28
Q

name the tissue that these tumor come from:

dysgerminoma & seminoma

A

Oocytes/spermatozoa

29
Q

name the tissue that endodermal sinus tumors come from

A

yolk sac

30
Q

name the tissue that choriocarcinoma is derived from

A

placental tissue

31
Q

what kind of cancer arises in the cysts that are formed from the central region of a persistent urachus?

A

adenocarcinoma

32
Q

name the pathology: protrusion of the bladder into the vagina, creating a pouch

A

cystocele

33
Q

name the parasite that can cause squamous cell carcinoma in the bladder?

A

schistosoma hematobium

34
Q

what kind of pts get TCC?

A

Males: female 3:1

older than 50

35
Q

where anatomically do TCC of bladder arise from?

A

lateral or posterior walls at the bladder base

36
Q

which neoplasm makes a lot of AFP?

A

yolk sac tumors

37
Q

which neoplasm makes a lot of hCG?

A

choriocarcinoma

38
Q

which neoplasm has the reinke crystals?

A

Leydig tumors

39
Q

which neoplasm has the schiller duvall bodies?

A

yolk sac tumors

40
Q

which breast tumor is often multicentric and BILATERAL?

A

LCIS

41
Q

name the pathology that has a blue dome cyst

A

fibrocystic change

42
Q

this pathology has apocrine metaplasia, stromal fibrosis, and sclerosing adenosis

A

fibrocystic change

43
Q

name the breast pathology:
The mass is excised and grossly appears soft and fleshy. On microscopic examination this mass has a lymphoid stroma with little fibrosis surrounding sheets of large vesicular cells with frequent mitoses

A

medullary carcinoma

44
Q

name the pathology: lumpy bumpy feeling on breast exam

A

fibrocystic change

45
Q

name the breast pathology: bulky tumor derived from stromal cells (stromal cellularity)

A

phyllodes tumor

46
Q

DES exposure predisposes to what kind of cancer?

A

clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

47
Q

what is the most common cause of adenocarcinoma of the bladder?

A

urachal cyst remnant

48
Q

if you are an egyptian and get schistosomiasis what kind of cancer are you most likely to get?

A

squamous cell carcinoma (70%)

-TCC (30%)

49
Q

if you see a grape-like mass protruding from the urethral surface you know it is probably a _____________

A

embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (sarcoma botryoides)

50
Q

name the pathology: bag of worms appearance

A

varicocele

51
Q

what is the most common cause of scrotal enlargement?

A

hydrocele

52
Q

which tumor has characteristic Schiller-duval bodies that look like primitive glomeruli?

A

yolk sac tumor

53
Q

what is PSA?

A

It’s a protease that increases sperm motility and maintains seminal secretions in the liquid state

54
Q

term for membranous sac surrounding fetus containing serous fluid essential for fluid development

A

amnion

55
Q

term for plate-shaped tissue under part of amniotic sac containing fetal blood vessels that branch into villi projecting into space filled w/ maternal blood

A

chorion

56
Q

term for syncytium of cells forming outer covering of chorionic villi, which thin out their cytoplasm & let their clumped nuclei hang off villi in syncytial knots to minimize diffusion barrier

A

syncytiotrophoblast

57
Q

which ovarian tumor has psammoma bodies?

A

serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary

58
Q

what type of cancer has classic signet-ring type cytology?

A

invasive lobular carcinoma

REPRO (13 decks)

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