PAHOPHYS Flashcards
term for bacteria in urine
bacteriuria
term for pus in urine
pyruria
term for painful urination
dysuria
what is the name of the virulence factor of uropathogenic E. coli that is commonly associated with upper UTIs?
P-fimbriae
think P for Pyelonephritis
how do you treat asymptomatic bacteriuria in the elderly and pregnant women?
YOU DONT TREAT ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA
what do you call an oocyte with a nucleus?
immature oocyte
what do you call a mature oocyte that has no nucleus?
mature oocyte (stalled in metaphase II)
all primary oocytes are stalled in which phase of meiosis?
prophase I (one primary oocyte completes Meiosis I each month)
for each egg that is ovulated there about how many eggs that die?
1000
what is the oolemma?
glycoprotein formation forming the zona pellucida
a tertiary follicle is aka?
mature graffian follicle
what stage is a follicle at when it has multiple layers of granulosa cells starting to make fluid in follicles (and making estrogen)
secondary follicle
what are 2 stages of the embryo at which you can transfer the embryo?
8 cell stage or as blastocyst
when is a fetus viable?
24.0 weeks
what is preterm?
viable to 37 wks
what is the definition of viability?
live outside the uterus
how does the baby’s head come out of the vagina?
easy the baby’s head out
at what age does pregnant mom become high risk?
35 yrs or higher
obesity is a form of ___________
malnutrition
how many essential amino acids are there?
9 (soy diet has all 9)
what is the must know contraindicated teratogenic hypertensive medication?
ACEis
what are the 2 types of hypertension of pregnancy?
gestational hypertension (benign) pre-eclampsia (bad outcomes)
what is JPS?
just plain strange syndrome, describes clinical scenario of pre-eclampsia
what is pre-eclampsia?
HTN, proteinuria attributable to being pregnant. natural hx–>death
what is eclampsia?
pre-eclampsia + convulsions
how do you solve the problem of an Rh+ baby and Rh negative mom?
coat the red cells which may contain Rh antigens using IgG so mom doesn’t see antigen (28 wks & 72 hrs) after birth
what is gestational Diabetes?
acquiring DM during pregnancy with no pror hx of DM
what are some of the risk of developing gestational DM?
prior DM in pregnancy, multiple gestation, advanced maternal age, obesity
what can an US in pregnancy tell you?
structure (where & how many)
blood flow
what is the strict criteria range for fetal heart rate?
110-160
what is labor?
regular phasic contractions sufficient to cause progressive dilation of the cervix
what are the 4 phases of labor?
latent phase (<4cm)
- active phase (4-10 cm)
- pushing
- delivery of placenta
duration of labor?
latent-no limits
1st phase (active)-actually 1-2 cm/hr
2nd phase-3 hr primip; or 2 hr multip
3rd stage- 1hr
when you are assessing for damage during deliver, where are the 4 anatomic locations you will look?
cervical
vaginal wall
perineum
vulvar
describe the 4 degrees of perineum lacerations?
1st-skin only
2nd-defect of underlying tissue but not through anal sphincter (have to repair)
3rd-into or through anal sphincter
4th-defect of rectum
what are some of the risks of C-section?
increased risk of: bleeding infection intrabdominal scarring uterine rupture w/ each additional C/S placenta accreta
what factor correlates the most with rates of maternal death?
skilled birth attendant
define maternal mortality
death occurring during pregnancy, or w/i 6 wks of delivery, excluding accidents, or if the pregnancy is incidental to cause of death
what is the maternal mortality ratio (MMR)?
deaths / 100,000 live births in one year
what is the maternal mortality rate?
deaths / # women of reproductive age
what does MMR tell us?
- reflects overall effectiveness of country’s healthcare system
- identifies specific gaps in care regarding women’s health
- identifies source of societal losses
- -productivity
- -motherless children
in the US what percentage of all maternal deaths are preventable?
50%
what are some specific medical causes of maternal deaths?
HTN in pregnancy infection Pulmonary embolism amniotic fluid embolism hemorrhage heart dz
describe the racial disparity when it comes to maternal mortality?
black:white 4:1
education isn’t independent risk factor
income isn’t an independent risk factor
what is one way that we have been successful in reducing the maternal mortality rate?
massive transfusion protocols
what kinds of pts are responsible for high morbidity associated with pregnancy?
extremes of age (young age accounts for part of racial disparity)
what are some of the morbidities associated with pregnancy?
hysterectomy, transfusion, eclampsia
What is the biggest risk for breast cancer?
age
define peripartum caridiomyopathy
development of cardiac failure in teh last month of pregnancy or w/i 5 months after delivery
