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REPRO > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The female external genitalia (vulva) consist of what?

A 
mons pubis
labia majora
labia minora
vestibule
clitoris
distal portion of vaginal canal
greater vestibular glands (Bartholin's glands)
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2
Q

the greater vestibular glands are also known as what?

A

bartholin’s glands

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3
Q

what are the components of the female internal genitalia?

A

true pelvis including ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus and proximal portion of vaginal canal

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4
Q

the suspensory ligament of ovary is also known as what?

A

infundibulopelvic ligament

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5
Q

what does the suspensory ligament of ovary (IPL) transmit?

A

ovarian artery & vein
nerve supply
lymphatics

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6
Q

what structure connects the inferior pole of the ovary to the lateral apsect of the uterus?

A

ovarian ligament

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7
Q

how would you describe the anatomic position of the ovaries in relation to the true pelvis?

A

they are on the lateral wall of the true pelvis

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8
Q

how would you describe the anatomic position of the ovaries in relation to the uterus?

A

they are posterior to the uterus

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9
Q

if you are performing an oophorectomy you need to be careful not to damage what structure postero-medial to the ovarian fossa?

A

ureter

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10
Q

if you are performing an oophorectomy you need to be careful not to damage what structure antero-lateral to the ovarian fossa?

A

external iliac vessels

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11
Q

the ovarian arteries are direct branches of what?

A

abdominal aorta

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12
Q

there is a collateral source of oxygenated blood from the anastomosis of the ovarian arteries with the terminal parts of what arteries?

A

uterine arteries (branches of the internal iliac artery)

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13
Q

the uterine artery is a branch of what artery?

A

internal iliac artery

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14
Q

the right ovarian vein drains directly into what?

A

inferior vena cava

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15
Q

the left ovarian vein drain directly into what?

A

left renal vein

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16
Q

when you do an oophorectomy what two arteries do you need to ligate to avoid blood loss?

A

ovarian artery & uterine artery

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17
Q

the uterine artery runs within what anatomical structure?

A

cardinal ligament

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18
Q

the ________ligament is situated just at the base of the broad ligament?

A

cardinal ligament

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19
Q

what artery characteristically crosses over the ureter?

A

the uterine artery

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20
Q

the mesovarium is a _____________ extension of the broad ligament which attaches to the ovary

A

posterior

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21
Q

during a hysterectomy the surgeon needs to be careful not to damage what structure right below the uterine artery?

A

ureter

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22
Q

what structure is formed b/w the posterior wall of the uterus & rectum by the draping of the inferior extent of the parietal peritoneum?

A

rectouterine pouch (pouch of douglas)

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23
Q

what is the lowest point in the abdominopelvic cavity when the pt is in the supine position?

A

Pouch of douglas

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24
Q

what are the 3 main arteries that supply the uterus?

A
  1. uterine artery (branch of internal iliac)
  2. vaginal artery (branch of internal iliac)
  3. ovarian artery (descending abd. aorta)
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25
Q

what set of veins drains the uterus?

A

pelvic plexus of veins?

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26
Q

the uterine artery crosses the pelvic floor from lateral to medial in what structure?

A

transverse cervical (aka cardinal ligament) in the base of the broad ligament

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27
Q

what is right under the uterine artery at the pelvic floor?

A

the ureter (water under the bridge)

28
Q

___________refers to the angulation b/w the axis of the cervix and the axis of the body of the uterus.

A

anteflexion

29
Q

___________refers to the angulation b/w the axis of the cervix and teh axis of the vaginal canal.

A

anteversion

30
Q

what can go wrong with improper positioning of the uterus?

A

can contribute to: infertility, complications during pregnancy, delivery, and an increased tendency towards uterine prolapse

31
Q

what are 3 things that could cause uterine prolapse?

A
  1. trauma during childbirth
  2. improperly positioned uterus
  3. normal process of aging
32
Q

which is longer the anterior or posterior wall of the vagina?

A

posterior

33
Q

what structures are nearby the posterior wall of the vagina?

A

ampulla of the rectum, perineal body, Pouch of Douglas

34
Q

what artery supplies blood to the vagina?

A

vaginal arteries (branches of anterior div. of internal iliac)

35
Q

term for the part of the vagina that is the smooth area bounded by the labia minora.

A

vestibule

36
Q

describe the blood supply to the labia minora?

A

supplied by branches of internal pudendal artery & external pudendal branches of the femoral artery

37
Q

describe the sensory innervation of the labia?

A

ilioinguinal nerve
genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
posterior labial nerve (from the perineal nerve)
posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

38
Q

what structure gives rise to the glans of the clitoris?

A

bulb of the vestibule

39
Q

what muscle extends from the perineal body to surround the orifice of the vagina and cover the vestibular bulbs?

A

bulbospongiosus

40
Q

what is the function of the bulbospongiosus muscle?

A

reduce the size of the vaginal orifice & compress the deep dorsal vein of the clitoris assisting in maintaining erection

41
Q

name the muscle that arises from the ischiopubic ramus and covers the crus clitoris on each side.

A

ischiocavernosus

42
Q

what is the action of the ischiocavernosus?

A

to compress the crus clitoris and assist in erection

43
Q

what structure forms the body of the clitoris?

A

the crura of the clitoris

44
Q

what is the purpose of the greater vestibular glands?

A

to secrete clear mucus to lubricate the vulva during sexual excitation

45
Q

what are the name of the paired accessory reproductive glands just posterior to each half of the bulb of the vestibule?

A

greater vestibular gland (bartholin’s glands)

46
Q

what nerve innervates both the bulbospongiosus muscle and the ischiocavernosus muscle?

A

perineal branch of the pudendal nerve

47
Q

which arteries supply the corpora cavernosa?

A

the deep arteries of the clitoris

48
Q

which arteries are responsible for erection of the clitoris in the female?

A

deep arteries of the clitoris

49
Q

which 2 sets of veins drain the blood from the clitoris to the internal pudendal vein?

A

superficial & deep dorsal veins

50
Q

what provides sensory innervation to the clitoris?

A

dorsal nerve of the clitoris (branch of pudendal nerve)

51
Q

explain the autonomic innervation to the clitoris regarding erection?

A

parasympathetics via pelvic splanchnics from S2-S4
preganglionics from S2-S4–>inferior hypogastric plexus
Postganglionics–>from plexuses innervate the erectile tissues of the clitoris via the cavernous nerves from the vesicular plexuses

52
Q

what is the action of the levator ani?

A

support the pelvic viscera and keeping teh rectum and vagina closed

53
Q

what is the innervation to the levator ani?

A

inferior rectal nerve & direct branches from S4

54
Q

the inferior fascia of the UG diaphragm is more commonly known as what?

A

perineal membrane

55
Q

name the structure that is just posterior margin of the UG diaphragm?

A

perineal body

56
Q

describe a spinal nerve block for childbirth

A

anesthesia is introduced via a needle into the subarachnoid space at L3/L4, produces complete anesthesia from about the waist down

57
Q

describe a caudal epidural block

A

anesthesia is administered into the epidural space via an indwelling catheter in the sacral canal to bath the S2-S4 spinal roots.
-has the advantage that the lower limbs are not usually affected

58
Q

describe a pudendal nerve block

A

provides local anesthesia of the S2-S4 dermatomes

-does not block pain from the superior birth canal, so the mother is still able to feel uterine contractions

59
Q

if you had already done a pudendal nerve block and wanted to abolish sensation from the anterior part of the perineum, what additional nerve would you need to block?

A

ilioinguinal

60
Q

term for the minimum anterior to posterior diameter of the lesser pelvis as measured b/w the sacral promontory and the pubic symphysis

A

true obstretrical conjugate

61
Q

term that describes the narrowest fixed distance that the baby’s head must pass through during a vaginal delivery?

A

true obstretrical conjugate

62
Q

term for the distance measured by palpating the sacral promontory with the tip of the middle finger while using the other hand to mark the level of the inferior margin of the pubic symphysis on the examining hand.

A

diagonal conjugate

63
Q

what distance does the true conjugate distance need to be to have a safe delivery?

A

11 cm

64
Q

term for the narrowest part of the pelvic canal from side to side as measured b/w the right and left ischial spines

A

interspinous distance

65
Q

during the pelvic exam, if the ischial spines are far enough apart to allow ______ fingers to enter the vagina side by side, it is considered safe to have delivery.

A

3

REPRO (13 decks)

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