Pathology

Question 1

Pressure overload hypertrophy characteristics

Answer 1

• concentric increase in wall thickness -> new sarcomeres assembled in parallel to the long axes of the cells -> expansion of cross-sectional area
• thickened wall

Question 2

Volume overload hypertrophy characteristics

Answer 2

• ventricular dilation -> new sarcomeres assembled are positioned in series with existing sarcomeres
• wall thickness may be increased, thinned or normal
• **best measure of hypertrophy is HR in this case

Question 3

Characteristics of stable angina

Answer 3

• imbalance of coronary perfusion relative to demand precipitated by physical activity, emotional excitement or any other cause of increase in cardiac workload
• relieved by rest or nitroglycerin

Question 4

coronary artery vasospasm unrelated to HR, physical activity or bp

Answer 4

Prinzmetal variant angina

Question 5

crescendo angina with increasingly frequent pain of prolonged duration precipitated by progressively decreasing levels of physical activity

Answer 5

Unstable angina = preinfarct angina