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Cardiology > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

forms the primordium of the heart (muscular wall), conduction system, inflow tract

A

LP splanchnic mesoderm

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2
Q

earliest sign of development of the heart

A

paired angioblastic cords (paired endothelial strands)
these fuse to form a single tube that folds back on itself (beginning around day 23) to become the 4 chambers of the heart

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3
Q

when heart begins to beat

A

day 22-23

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4
Q

forms the fibrous cardiac skeleton, valves, cardiac cushions, atrial & membranous ventricular septa, outflow tract (bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus) chordae tendinae

A

neural crest

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5
Q

what forms the hepatic portal system

A

right vitelline vein

note: the left vitelline vein regresses

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6
Q

Where does the umbilical vein deliver oxygenated blood from the placenta early in development?

A

sinus venosus

umbilical veins lose their connection with the heart as the embryo develops and empty into the liver

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7
Q

Which umbilical vein disappears during the 7th week of gestation?

A

right

left umbilical vein remains to carry oxygenated blood from placenta

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8
Q

What connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava?

A

ductus venosus

this helps most of the oxygenated blood to bypass the liver and pass directly to the heart

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9
Q

most common anomaly of IVC in the adult?

A

IVC is interrupted in its course and blood drains from the lower limbs, abdomen and pelvis to the heart through the azygos veins

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10
Q

right to left shunt caused by persistence of left anterior cardinal vein

A

persistent left SVC

the SVC is normall formed by the right anterior cardinal vein and right common cardinal vein

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11
Q

degeneration of the right anterior cardinal vein and right common cardinal vein, leaving blood to enter the SVC and then the coronary sinus via the left brachiocephalic vein

A

left superior vena cava

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12
Q

inferior part of left supracardinal vein persists

A

double inferior vena cava

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13
Q

become the internal iliac arteries and superior vesicle arteries (to urinary bladder)

A

proximal parts of the umbilical arteries

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14
Q

becomes the endocardium

A

endothelial tube

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15
Q

forms the epicardium

A

mesothelial cells that arise from the external surface of the sinus venosus

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16
Q

forms the aortic arches

A

LP splanchnic mesoderm

17
Q

What composes the truncus arteriosus and bulbis cordis?

A

neural crest

18
Q

becomes the foramen ovale

A

septum secundum

19
Q

What makes the valve of the foramen ovale?

A

septum primum

20
Q

anatomical closure of the foramen ovale occurs when?

A

around 1 year

Physiological closure occurs after birth when pressures rise on the left side of the heart

21
Q

most common ASD

A

probe patent foramen ovale

22
Q

causes right ventricular hypertrophy

A

ostium secundum defect

23
Q

forms from the bulbus cordis

A

conus arteriosus (right ventricle) and aortic vestibule (left ventricle)

24
Q

caused by the spiraling failing to occur

A

transposition of the great arteries

death within a few days or months without surgical intervention

25
Q

How does IV septum form?

A

fusing of left and right bulbar ridges with the endocardial cushion

26
Q

splanchnic mesoderm problem

A

low VSD

27
Q

neural crest problem

A

high VSD, ASD

28
Q

neural crest and splanchnic mesoderm problem

A

common ventricle

29
Q

forms the adult renal veins

A

subcardinal-supracardinal anastomosis

30
Q

becomes the coronary sinus

A

left horn of the sinus venosus

31
Q

contain the pectinate muscles

A

the auricles of the atria

32
Q

carotid arteries form from which aortic/pharyngeal arch

A

3rd

33
Q

arch of aorta, R brachiocephalic artery & proximal subclavian form from which aortic/pharyngeal arch

A

4th

34
Q

which aortic/pharyngeal arch degenerates?

A

5th

35
Q

which aortic arch/pharyngeal arch becomes the pulmonary arteries and ligamentum arteriosum

A

6th

36
Q

3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches fail to differentiate into the thymus and parathyroid glands, leading to facial abnormalities and susceptibility to infection. deletion on chromosome 22q11

A

DiGeorge Syndrome

37
Q

embryonic heart tube bends toward the left instead of the right, displacing the heart to the right and reversing the heart and its vessels to a mirror image or the normal configuration
heart function is normal

A

dextrocardia

if transposition of the abdominal viscera accompanies it: dextrocardia with situs inversus

38
Q

heart is partially or completely exposed on the surface of the thorax
associated with cleft sternum and open pericardial sac
death within a few days of birth

A

ectopic cordis

Cardiology (10 decks)

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