Pathology Flashcards
Covers - Female Pathology
What is the first step in sexual differentiation of an embryo?
(Gonadal differentiation)
What is the differentiation of the tubular tract, which is the second step in sexual differentiation, dependent on?
(Gonadal hormones)
What develops, testes or ovaries, if there is no H-y antigen present in a developing embryo?
(Ovaries; testes would develop if there was H-y antigen present)
(T/F) For a female cow to develop freemartins, they need to have a twin brother.
(T)
(T/F) Freemartins results from the exchange of cells and hormones between both female and female/male twins in utero.
(F, only female/male twins)
What is the least expensive and very reliable test for freemartins?
(Inserting a tube/catheter into the vagina to see how deep it is; freemartin cattle typically have a short, small or nonexistent vagina)
(T/F) Spherical uterine tube cysts are embryonic in origin and do not impair fertility.
(T)
What are tubular cysts, which result in blockage of the uterine tube and infertility, secondary to?
(Inflammation of the uterine tube typically d/t infection)
Cystic endometrial hyperplasia results from the influence of what hormone in most species?
(Estrogen)
Cystic endometrial hyperplasia results from the influence of what hormone in a bitch?
(Progesterone; prolonged progestational influence in an unbred bitch to be specific)
What occurs to the uterine wall after prolonged endometrial hyperplasia?
(The uterine wall begins to become thin and atrophic; animal will be infertile at this stage even after fixing the issue)
In most species cystic hyperplasia results in a mucometra or hydrometra, what does it progress to in a bitch?
(Pyometra)
In what species is an ascending infection (so past the UTJ and into the salpinx) a concern when there is uterine inflammation secondary to uterine infection?
(Cattle)
What is the term for inflammation of the endometrium and muscle of the uterine wall together?
(Metritis)
Most frequently, metritis is a pre/peri/post (choose one) partum/abortion disease in cows.
(Postpartum/post-abortion; can be seen post mating as well when certain bacteria are present)
What type of uterine inflammation occurs in tuberculosis infections?
(Granulomatous metritis)
Of the ovarian stromal cells (granulosa, theca, and luteal) which is more likely to occur singly in a tumor than the others?
(Granulosa cells)
What is a highly vascular, temporary structure related to the ovary that is a site of metastasis of neoplasms from many areas of the body?
(Corpus luteum)
What are dysgerminomas?
(Neoplasms of germ cells)
Where do papillary adenocarcinomas originate from in the female reproductive tract?
(Surface cells of the ovary)
What are the benign and malignant neoplasms of the smooth muscle of the uterus?
(Benign - leiomyomas; malignant - leiomyosarcoma)
Besides the neoplasms of the smooth muscle of the uterus, what are the two other types of neoplasms of the uterus?
(Carcinomas and lymphosarcomas)
What is the pathognomonic presentation of uterine carcinomas?
(Firm, umbilicated (aka dimpled) mass in the uterus)
Most tumors of the vagina are mixed smooth muscle and fibrous tissue, what is the term for benign neoplasms of that nature?
(Leiomyofibromas)
