Pathology

Question 1

The case of transforming the non keratinized squamous epithelium to ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells un esophagus is called

Answer 1

Barret esophagus

Question 2

The main cause of cell injury is

Answer 2

Hypoxia

Question 3

The main cause of hypoxia is

Answer 3

Ischemia

Question 4

An example of disease in which there is accumulation of deoxegenated blood in Our body is

Answer 4

Budd-chiari syndrome

Question 5

In Reversible cell injury the first and the most important charge occurs in the cell is

Answer 5

Cell swelling(hydropic charge)
(vacuolar degeneration)

Question 6

The most important event that happens in the irreversible cell injury is

Answer 6

Denaturation of proteins

Question 7

The main cause of coagulative necrosis is

Answer 7

Ischemia

Question 8

The tissue death due to ischemia

Answer 8

Infarction

Question 9

Coagulative necrosis mainly occurs in

Answer 9

Solid organs except the brain

Question 10

Which type of necrosis occur in the brain

Answer 10

Liquefative necrosis

Question 11

If we have dead tissue caused by bacterial or fungal infections and there is pus formed within the tissue we can expect that this is…………….. Necrosis

Answer 11

Liquefative

Question 12

It is acombination between both coagulative and liquefative necrosis

Answer 12

Gangrenous necrosis

Question 13

death of cells of the limb due to ischemia concedared as

Answer 13

Gangrenous necrosis

Question 14

Gangrenous necrosis is very common in

Answer 14

Immunocompromised patients

Question 15

The most common situation in which we encounter caseous necrosis is

Answer 15

tuberculosis infections

Question 16

When the necrotic area appears as a structureless collection of fragmented or lysed cells, and amorphous granular debris surrounded by histiocytes this lesion called

Answer 16

granuloma

Question 17

The pathologic name of macrophage is

Answer 17

Histiocytes

Question 18

The main typical example for fat necrosis is

Answer 18

Acute pancreatitis

Question 19

In the case of fat necrosis, the binding of fatty acid with calcium is called

Answer 19

Saponification

Question 20

It is a special form of necrosis usually seen in immune reactions involving blood vessels

Answer 20

Fibrinoid necrosis

Question 21

vasculitis is an example of which type of necrosis

Answer 21

Fibrinoid necrosis

Question 22

In amicroscopic examination of a dead tissue if there is a bright pink and amorphous acppearance in H&E stains, which type of necrosis is expected to be in this tissue

Answer 22

Fibrinoid necrosis

Question 23

Cell injury caused by ROS

Answer 23

Oxidative stress

Question 24

An example of ROS

Answer 24

Superoxide
Hydrogen petoxide
Hydroxyl radical

Question 25

The enzyme which is responsable of convertion of superoxide to H2O2 is

Answer 25

Superoxide Dismutase

Question 26

Absoration of radiant energy (eg. UV Ilight or X-rays) may lead to The Hydrolysis of water into :

Answer 26

Hydroxyl radical and Hydrogen free radical

Question 27

The process of using ROS by phagocytic cells to kill the pathogens is called

Answer 27

Oxidative burst

Question 28

In oxidative burst the membrane of the phagosome catalyzes the generation of superoxide through which enzyme

Answer 28

Xanthine oxidase

Question 29

In leukocytes, Hydrogen peroxide converts to hypochlorite by

Answer 29

Myelo peroxidase

Question 30

In fenton reaction, Hydrogen peroxide converts to.............. In the presence of...............

Answer 30

Hydroxyl radical and Hydroxyl group | Fe+2

Question 31

Nitric Oxide can react with O2 to form ahighly reactive Compound which participates in cell injury, this Compound is

Answer 31

Peroxy nitrite

Question 32

The enzymes which can help in decomposition of H2O2 are

Answer 32

Glutathione peroxidase | Catalase

Question 33

The non-enzymatic removal of free radical depends on using....

Answer 33

``` Antioxidants like : Vitamin A Vitamin C Vitamin E Ascorbic acid ```