Microbiology

Question 1

The ability of some microorganisems to decompose industrial waste like oil spill is called

Answer 1

Bioremediation

Question 2

The father of microbiology is

Answer 2

Anton vav leeuwenhoek

Question 3

The scientist who proves the germ theory

Answer 3

Robert koch

Question 4

The scientist who proves the Biogenesis theory is

Answer 4

Louis pasteur

Question 5

The solidifying agent that used in petri dish is

Answer 5

Agar

Question 6

Mos that can survive and multiply only in (living host cell) are called

Answer 6

Obligate intrecellular Mos

Question 7

Mos that need aspecific nutritions to grow in culture media are called

Answer 7

Fastidious Mos

Question 8

Examples of obligate intrecellular Mos

Answer 8

1-viruses
2-rickettsias becteria
3-chlamydias becteria

Question 9

The study of fungi is

Answer 9

Mycology

Question 10

The study of algea is called

Answer 10

Phycology

Question 11

The pathogen which causes the syphilis is

Answer 11

Treponema pallidum

Question 12

The pathogen which causes the Leprosy (Hanson’s disease) is

Answer 12

Mycobacterium leprae

Question 13

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG)

Trench mouth is an example of

Answer 13

Synergistic polymicrobial infection

Question 14

Bacterial vaginosis is an example of

Answer 14

Synergistic polymicrobial infection

Question 15

The Mo that causes plague الطاعون is

Answer 15

Yersinia pestis bacteria

Question 16

Examples of fastidious Mos

Answer 16

Mycobacterium Leprae

Treponema pallidum

Question 17

The cell wall of algea consiset of….

Answer 17

Cellulose +chitin+lignin+pectin + mineral salts

Question 18

The cell wall of plants consiset of….

Answer 18

Cellulose only

Question 19

The cell wall of fungi consiset of….

Answer 19

Chitin

Question 20

The cell wall of bacteria consiset of….

Answer 20

Peptidoglycan (murein)

Question 21

The sugars found in peptidoglycan are

Answer 21

N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)

N-acetyl muramic acid (NAM)

Question 22

Which type of bonds is linking between NAM and NAG in peptidoglycan

Answer 22

Glycosidic bond

Question 23

How many amino acids in the polypeptide side chain that Link with NAM in peptidoglycan

Answer 23

4 Amino acids

Question 24

How many amino acids in each peptide cross bridge in peptidoglycan

Answer 24

5 amino acids

Question 25

Which is the amino acid that make the peptide cross bridge in peptidoglycan

Answer 25

Glycine

Question 26

With Gram stain, Gram + bacteria appears in which color

Answer 26

Purpul

Question 27

With Gram stain, Gram - bacteria appears in which color

Answer 27

Pink to Red

Question 28

An example of bacteria that has a high cell wall lipid content and its staining process is hard .....

Answer 28

Mycobacteria

Question 29

Amphipathic molecule present on the surface of gram( -) bacteria

Answer 29

LPS

Question 30

Proteins found in outer membrane of gram (-) bacteria that regulate the passage of materials through it

Answer 30

Porins

Question 31

Slimy gelatinous material found on the surface of some bacteria

Answer 31

Glycocalyx

Question 32

The importance of slime layers in bacteria is

Answer 32

Contribute to the formation of biofilms → Sticky layer where bacteria live

Question 33

What is the effect of the capsule in the virulence of the bacteria

Answer 33

Increases the virulence

Question 34

To stain the capsuled bacteria we should use

Answer 34

Negative stains

Question 35

external cellular appendage that used for movement

Answer 35

Flagella

Question 36

Prokaryotic Flagella made of...

Answer 36

Flagellin protein

Question 37

Axial filaments in spirochetes.

Answer 37

Endoflagella

Question 38

External cellular appendage that found in Gram (-) bacteria and made of pilin protein

Answer 38

Pili

Question 39

What is the functions of pili

Answer 39

Attachment pili: attach to the surface Sex pili :transfer genetic material between bacterial cells a process called conjugation

Question 40

Transfer genetic material between bacterial cells a process called

Answer 40

conjugation

Question 41

If the prokaryote cell has a single flagellum we call it

Answer 41

Mono trichous

Question 42

If the prokaryote cell has 2 flagella out from opposite poles of the surface we call it

Answer 42

Amphi trichous

Question 43

If the prokaryote cell has a package of flagella out from one side of the surface we call it

Answer 43

Lopho trichous

Question 44

If the prokaryote cell has alot of flagella out from all the surface we call it

Answer 44

Peri trichous

Question 45

An example of Peritrichous prokaryote

Answer 45

Salmonella typhi

Question 46

Inward foldings in the plasma membrane of prokaryote associated with ATP synthesis

Answer 46

Meso somes

Question 47

An example of bacteria that has asterols in its plasma membrane and does not have cell wall

Answer 47

Mycoplasma SPP

Question 48

Which type of enzymes found in lysosomes

Answer 48

Hydrolytic and digestive enzymes

Question 49

Which type of enzymes found in peroxisomes

Answer 49

Oxidative enzymes

Question 50

There is a high amounts of lysosomes in........ Cells

Answer 50

Immune cells

Question 51

There is a high amounts of peroxisomes in...

Answer 51

Mammalian liver cells

Question 52

breaking down the cell's component

Answer 52

Autophagy

Question 53

Peroxisomes contain enzyme , which catalyzes (speeds up) breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxegen , this enzyme is

Answer 53

catalase

Question 54

Ribosomes made of........ and........ | And they are produced in........

Answer 54

rRNA and proteins | nucleolus

Question 55

Ribosomes responsable of......

Answer 55

Translation process

Question 56

The sedimentation rate of the eukaryotic ribosomal small subunit is

Answer 56

40s

Question 57

The sedimentation rate of the eukaryotic ribosomal large subunit is

Answer 57

60s

Question 58

The sedimentation rate of the eukaryotic whole ribosome is

Answer 58

80s

Question 59

The sedimentation rate of the prokaryotic ribosomal small subunit is

Answer 59

30s

Question 60

The sedimentation rate of the prokaryotic ribosomal large subunit is

Answer 60

50s

Question 61

The sedimentation rate of the prokaryotic whole ribosome is

Answer 61

70s

Question 62

Microtubules composed of spherical protein subunits called

Answer 62

Tubulins

Question 63

Intermediate filaments made of

Answer 63

Vimentins and Keratin

Question 64

Micro filaments made of

Answer 64

Actin and myosin

Question 65

Cytoskeleton of the cells made of

Answer 65

Microtubules intermediate filaments microfilaments

Question 66

Centrioles made of

Answer 66

Microtubules only

Question 67

Which types of cellular filaments found in eukaryotic flagella and cilia

Answer 67

Microtubules arranged in a complex design

Question 68

The motion of flagella is discribed as

Answer 68

Whip - like movement

Question 69

The motion of cilia is discribed as

Answer 69

coordinated, rhythmic movement

Question 70

In prokaryotes 1-Plasma membrane, cell wall and glycocalyx are togather called...... 2-Cytoplasm components + The genetic material are togather called......

Answer 70

1-cellular envelope | 2-interior core

Question 71

In Eukaryote 1-Plasma membrane, and cell wall are togather called...... 2-Cytoplasm components + The genetic material are togather called......

Answer 71

1-outer bondary | 2-proto plasm

Question 72

Only two species of Gram-positive bacteria can make spores:

Answer 72

Clostridium spp., Bacillus spp.

Question 73

The process of reactivation of bacterial spores when the conditions become more suitable called

Answer 73

germination

Question 74

Bacterial spores have a high amounts of....

Answer 74

Ca+2 and diplconic acid

Question 75

Arranging living organisms into taxa

Answer 75

Classification

Question 76

Assigning aspecific name to each taxon

Answer 76

Nomenclature

Question 77

Determinig to which taxon aspecific organism belongs

Answer 77

Identification

Question 78

The sedimentation rate of prokaryotic small ribosomal subunit rRNA is

Answer 78

16s

Question 79

The sedimentation rate of eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit rRNA is

Answer 79

18s

Question 80

classification of living organisms According to shared phenotypic features.

Answer 80

Phenetic classification

Question 81

classification and grouping of living organisms According to genetic relatedness (genotype)

Answer 81

Phylo genic

Question 82

............. is a phenetic system of classification where we have five kingdoms according to the phenotype one for prokaryote (monera) and the remining other 4 kingdoms are for eukaryotes (Protista, Fungi, Plantae & Animalia)

Answer 82

Whittaker's system

Question 83

.............. Is a phylogenetic system of classification in which Prokaryotes have two domains (Archaea & Bacteria) & the Eukaryote a has the remain one

Answer 83

Woese's system