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Medicine 2nd Year First Simister > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

The ability of some microorganisems to decompose industrial waste like oil spill is called

A

Bioremediation

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2
Q

The father of microbiology is

A

Anton vav leeuwenhoek

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3
Q

The scientist who proves the germ theory

A

Robert koch

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4
Q

The scientist who proves the Biogenesis theory is

A

Louis pasteur

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5
Q

The solidifying agent that used in petri dish is

A

Agar

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6
Q

Mos that can survive and multiply only in (living host cell) are called

A

Obligate intrecellular Mos

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7
Q

Mos that need aspecific nutritions to grow in culture media are called

A

Fastidious Mos

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8
Q

Examples of obligate intrecellular Mos

A

1-viruses
2-rickettsias becteria
3-chlamydias becteria

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9
Q

The study of fungi is

A

Mycology

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10
Q

The study of algea is called

A

Phycology

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11
Q

The pathogen which causes the syphilis is

A

Treponema pallidum

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12
Q

The pathogen which causes the Leprosy (Hanson’s disease) is

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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13
Q

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG)

Trench mouth is an example of

A

Synergistic polymicrobial infection

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14
Q

Bacterial vaginosis is an example of

A

Synergistic polymicrobial infection

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15
Q

The Mo that causes plague الطاعون is

A

Yersinia pestis bacteria

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16
Q

Examples of fastidious Mos

A

Mycobacterium Leprae

Treponema pallidum

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17
Q

The cell wall of algea consiset of….

A

Cellulose +chitin+lignin+pectin + mineral salts

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18
Q

The cell wall of plants consiset of….

A

Cellulose only

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19
Q

The cell wall of fungi consiset of….

A

Chitin

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20
Q

The cell wall of bacteria consiset of….

A

Peptidoglycan (murein)

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21
Q

The sugars found in peptidoglycan are

A

N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)

N-acetyl muramic acid (NAM)

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22
Q

Which type of bonds is linking between NAM and NAG in peptidoglycan

A

Glycosidic bond

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23
Q

How many amino acids in the polypeptide side chain that Link with NAM in peptidoglycan

A

4 Amino acids

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24
Q

How many amino acids in each peptide cross bridge in peptidoglycan

A

5 amino acids

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25
Q

Which is the amino acid that make the peptide cross bridge in peptidoglycan

A

Glycine

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26
Q

With Gram stain, Gram + bacteria appears in which color

A

Purpul

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27
Q

With Gram stain, Gram - bacteria appears in which color

A

Pink to Red

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28
Q

An example of bacteria that has a high cell wall lipid content and its staining process is hard …..

A

Mycobacteria

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29
Q

Amphipathic molecule present on the surface of gram( -) bacteria

A

LPS

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30
Q

Proteins found in outer membrane of gram (-) bacteria that regulate the passage of materials through it

A

Porins

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31
Q

Slimy gelatinous material found on the surface of some bacteria

A

Glycocalyx

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32
Q

The importance of slime layers in bacteria is

A

Contribute to the formation of biofilms → Sticky layer where bacteria live

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33
Q

What is the effect of the capsule in the virulence of the bacteria

A

Increases the virulence

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34
Q

To stain the capsuled bacteria we should use

A

Negative stains

35
Q

external cellular appendage that used for movement

A

Flagella

36
Q

Prokaryotic Flagella made of…

A

Flagellin protein

37
Q

Axial filaments in spirochetes.

A

Endoflagella

38
Q

External cellular appendage that found in Gram (-) bacteria and made of pilin protein

A

Pili

39
Q

What is the functions of pili

A

Attachment pili: attach to the surface

Sex pili :transfer genetic material between bacterial cells a process called conjugation

40
Q

Transfer genetic material between bacterial cells a process called

A

conjugation

41
Q

If the prokaryote cell has a single flagellum we call it

A

Mono trichous

42
Q

If the prokaryote cell has 2 flagella out from opposite poles of the surface we call it

A

Amphi trichous

43
Q

If the prokaryote cell has a package of flagella out from one side of the surface we call it

A

Lopho trichous

44
Q

If the prokaryote cell has alot of flagella out from all the surface we call it

A

Peri trichous

45
Q

An example of Peritrichous prokaryote

A

Salmonella typhi

46
Q

Inward foldings in the plasma membrane of prokaryote associated with ATP synthesis

A

Meso somes

47
Q

An example of bacteria that has asterols in its plasma membrane and does not have cell wall

A

Mycoplasma SPP

48
Q

Which type of enzymes found in lysosomes

A

Hydrolytic and digestive enzymes

49
Q

Which type of enzymes found in peroxisomes

A

Oxidative enzymes

50
Q

There is a high amounts of lysosomes in…….. Cells

A

Immune cells

51
Q

There is a high amounts of peroxisomes in…

A

Mammalian liver cells

52
Q

breaking down the cell’s component

A

Autophagy

53
Q

Peroxisomes contain enzyme , which catalyzes (speeds up) breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxegen , this enzyme is

A

catalase

54
Q

Ribosomes made of…….. and……..

And they are produced in……..

A

rRNA and proteins

nucleolus

55
Q

Ribosomes responsable of……

A

Translation process

56
Q

The sedimentation rate of the eukaryotic ribosomal small subunit is

A

40s

57
Q

The sedimentation rate of the eukaryotic ribosomal large subunit is

A

60s

58
Q

The sedimentation rate of the eukaryotic whole ribosome is

A

80s

59
Q

The sedimentation rate of the prokaryotic ribosomal small subunit is

A

30s

60
Q

The sedimentation rate of the prokaryotic ribosomal large subunit is

A

50s

61
Q

The sedimentation rate of the prokaryotic whole ribosome is

A

70s

62
Q

Microtubules composed of spherical protein subunits called

A

Tubulins

63
Q

Intermediate filaments made of

A

Vimentins and Keratin

64
Q

Micro filaments made of

A

Actin and myosin

65
Q

Cytoskeleton of the cells made of

A

Microtubules
intermediate filaments
microfilaments

66
Q

Centrioles made of

A

Microtubules only

67
Q

Which types of cellular filaments found in eukaryotic flagella and cilia

A

Microtubules arranged in a complex design

68
Q

The motion of flagella is discribed as

A

Whip - like movement

69
Q

The motion of cilia is discribed as

A

coordinated, rhythmic movement

70
Q

In prokaryotes
1-Plasma membrane, cell wall and glycocalyx are togather called……
2-Cytoplasm components + The genetic material are togather called……

A

1-cellular envelope

2-interior core

71
Q

In Eukaryote
1-Plasma membrane, and cell wall are togather called……
2-Cytoplasm components + The genetic material are togather called……

A

1-outer bondary

2-proto plasm

72
Q

Only two species of Gram-positive bacteria can make spores:

A

Clostridium spp., Bacillus spp.

73
Q

The process of reactivation of bacterial spores when the conditions become more suitable called

A

germination

74
Q

Bacterial spores have a high amounts of….

A

Ca+2 and diplconic acid

75
Q

Arranging living organisms into taxa

A

Classification

76
Q

Assigning aspecific name to each taxon

A

Nomenclature

77
Q

Determinig to which taxon aspecific organism belongs

A

Identification

78
Q

The sedimentation rate of prokaryotic small ribosomal subunit rRNA is

A

16s

79
Q

The sedimentation rate of eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit rRNA is

A

18s

80
Q

classification of living organisms According to shared phenotypic features.

A

Phenetic classification

81
Q

classification and grouping of living organisms According to genetic relatedness (genotype)

A

Phylo genic

82
Q

…………. is a phenetic system of classification where we have five kingdoms according to the phenotype one for prokaryote
(monera) and the remining other 4 kingdoms are for eukaryotes (Protista, Fungi, Plantae & Animalia)

A

Whittaker’s system

83
Q

………….. Is a phylogenetic system of classification in which Prokaryotes have two domains (Archaea & Bacteria) & the Eukaryote a has the remain one

A

Woese’s system

Medicine 2nd Year First Simister (5 decks)

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