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Medicine 2nd Year First Simister > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

In case of having amuscle cramping and fatigue during prolonged exercise, the patient is expected to have hereditary deficiency in which enzyme?

A

AMP deaminase

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2
Q

Most animals further oxidize the purine ring to

A

Allantion ➡️Allantoic Acid
➡️ Excretion

                                Or
          				 	   ➡️Catabolized to➡️urea
																									     		➡️Ammonia
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3
Q

Accumulation of…………. In joints can cause Goutyartheritis

A

Monosodium urate (MSU) ملح

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4
Q

The drug which is cosidarad as acompetitive inhibitor of the xanthine oxidase is

A

Allopurinol

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5
Q

Partial deficiency in HGPRT cause

A

Gout

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6
Q

Complete deficiency in HGPRT cause

A

Lesch-nyhan syndrome

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7
Q

In ADA-deficient patient there is a great increaseing in the intracellular cocentrations of

A

dATP

S-adenosylhomocysteine

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8
Q

In PNP-defient patient’s there is a elevation in the concentration of

A

dGTP

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9
Q

In purine which atom serves as the site of attachment with the pentose sugar

A

N9

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10
Q

In pyrimidine which atom serves as the site of attachment with the pentose sugar

A

N1

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11
Q

In pyrimidine deonvo bio synthesis the only Step take place in amitocodria is

A

The 4th Step which use dihydrooretate dehydrogenase as an enzyme

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12
Q

Deficiency in OPRT enzyme or OMPdecarboxelase causes

A

Orotic aciduria

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13
Q

The ultimate reductant in deoxyribonucleotide synthesis is

A

NADPH

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14
Q

The first regulated step in the deonvo bio synthesis of pyrimidine

A

First Step

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15
Q

The secondary regulated step in the deonvo bio synthesis of pyrimidine is

A

Sixth step which is the last step

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16
Q

The end product forming from uracil degradation is

A

B-Alanine

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17
Q

The end product forming from Thymine degradation is

A

B-Amino iso butyrate

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18
Q

The end product forming from purine degradation is

A

Uric acid

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19
Q

NAD synthesis requires…..?

A

Niacin vitamin B3

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20
Q

Niacin deficiency causes…

A

Pellagra

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21
Q

The synthesis of FAD requires….

A

Riboflavin vitamin B2

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22
Q

Riboflavin deficiency causes

A

Dermatitis

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23
Q

The synthesis of Coenzyme A requires….

A

Pantothenate vitamin B5

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24
Q

Which type of bonds is found between the sugar and nitrogenous base in nucleotide

A

Glycosidic bond

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25
Which type of bonds is found between each 2 adjacent nucleotides in DNA strand
3'-5' phosphodiester linkage
26
The double helix model of DNA is discoverd by
Watson and Crick
27
The most form of DNA in Our body is
B-DNA
28
The form of DNA which is expected to be found in ahigher salt concentration solution is
A-DNA
29
The form of DNA which is expected to be found in alcohol added solution is
A-DNA
30
If there is an alternating poly dG-dC sequence, the DNA favors to be in
Z-DNA model
31
The Forces which can stabilize the DNA double helix are
1-Hydrophobic forces | 2-hydrogen bonds
32
The Forces which destabilize the DNA double helix are
interstrand electrostatic repulsion between negatively charged phosphates
33
The most important stabilizing factors of the DNA double helix are
Hydrophobic Forces
34
Stacking interaction means...
Hydrophobic Forces with the addition of van der waals interaction
35
DNA denaturation occurs in physiological condition by
Helicases enzyme
36
In labs we can use.... As an indicator for. DNA absorbance
Hyperchromicity
37
In labs we can use.... As an indicator for. DNA denaturation
Absorbance of the UV light at 260nm wave length
38
The main cause of DNA compaction into a solenoid is
high ionic strength
39
A region of double stranded DNA in which each of the two strands has the same sequence when read in the same direction.
Palindrome (symmetrical inverted repeat)
40
A center of symmetry on a single strand of DNA | It has the same base sequence when read in either direction from this center.
Mirror repeat
41
RNA Is Less stable than DNA because
because (OH) in 2'C in ribose makes phosphodiester bond more easily hydrolyzed.
42
Many RNAS contain modified nucleotides that are produced by .
post-transcriptional processing
43
Base paired regions in the secondary structure of RNA
stem
44
Base unpaired regions in the secondary structure of RNA
Loop
45
In the secondary structure of RNA, stem and loop togather form.....
Hairpin
46
Helices within RNA are usually the () -type with () nucleotides per turn.
the A-type with 11 nucleotides per turn
47
mRNA Synthesized in(1 & 2.)and it Transfers genetic information from gene to ribosome in the (3 & 4)
1-nucleus 2-mitochondria 3-Cytoplasm 4-mitochondria
48
The 5' terminal of mRNA is capped by
[7-methylguanosine triphosphate] that is linked to an adjacent [2'-O-methyl ribonucleoside] at its 5'-hydroxyl through the three phosphates.
49
The importance of 5'cap in mRNA is
The cap helps stabilize the mRNA by preventing the nucleolytic attack by 5'-exonucleases.
50
The structure that makes up the 3'-terminus of the mRNA is
Poly (A) tail
51
What is the importance of Poly (A) tail which makes up the 3'-terminus of the mRNA
maintains the intracellular stability of the specific mRNA by preventing the attack of 3'-exonucleases.
52
In mRNA from 5' to 3' the structural sequence is
``` 5' m7GPPP Nontranslated leader sequence Coding or translated sequence Nontranslated trailing sequence Poly (A) tail 3' ```
53
The Eukaryotic mRNA is discribed as
monocistronic; it contains information to form a single polypeptide
54
Prokaryotic mRNA is discribed as
polycistronic; they may encode more than one polypeptide.
55
What is the size of tRNA
Sizes: 65-110 nucleotides
56
What are the Structural features of tRNA
1-highly base paired secondary structure | 2-many modified bases
57
What are the types of modification found in tRNA
1-addition of Thymidine mono phosphate nucleotide 2-converts 2 uridine to 2 Dihydrouridine 3- converts uridine to pseudouridine
58
From the total cellular RNA there is ......... % tRNA ......... %mRNA .......... %rRNA
15% 5% 80%
59
tRNA Performs two roles
1-Get charged with "Activates" amino acids for protein synthesis. 2-Recognizes the correct codon for amino acid insertion in proteins being made by a ribosom
60
The secondary structure of tRNA Is discribed as
cloverleaf" structure
61
The tertiary structure of tRNA Is discribed as
L-shaped structure
62
Which type of post-transcriptional processing found in rRNA
Methylation (adding CH3)
63
In prokaryotes Assembled ribosome is (1) particle, about (2)Da made of Small subunit,(3) , contains a(4) rRNA which is (5) and (6) ribosomal proteins Large subunit, (7), contains (8) rRNA which are (9) complexed with (10) ribosomal proteins
``` 1-70s 7- 50S 2-2,800,000. 8- 2 3-30S. 9-5s and 23s 4-single. 10- 34 5-16s 6-21 ```
64
In Eukaryote Assembled ribosome is (1) particle, about (2)Da made of Small subunit,(3) , contains a(4) rRNA which is (5) and (6) ribosomal proteins Large subunit, (7), contains (8) rRNA which are (9) complexed with (10) ribosomal proteins
``` 1-80s 6-33 2-4500000Da. 7-60s 3-40s. 8-3 4- single. 9-5s, 5.8s, 28s 5-18s. 10-49 ```
65
(28s ) rRNA found in.......... made of............. nucleotides Synthesized in..........
Eukaryotic ribosomal large subunit 5400nt Nucleolus
66
(18s ) rRNA found in.......... made of............. nucleotides Synthesized in..........
Eukaryotic ribosomal small subunit 2100nt Nucleolus
67
(5.8s) rRNA found in.......... made of............. nucleotides Synthesized in..........
Eukaryotic ribosomal large subunit 158nt Nucleolus
68
Eukaryotic (5s) rRNA found in.......... made of............. nucleotides Synthesized in..........
Large ribosomal subunit 120nt Nucleo plasm
69
hnRNA, snRNA, 7sRNA all are Synthesized in
Nucleo plasm
70
What is the size of hnRNA, snRNA, 7sRNA
hnRNA, 30S-100s snRNA, 100-300 nucleotides 7sRNA, 129 nucleotides
71
rRNA is part of structure called : snRNA is part of structure called 7sRNA is part of structure called
Ribosomes Spliceosome Single recognition particle
72
The function of hnRNA is
Some are precursors to mRNAS and other RNAS
73
The function of snRNA is
Structural and regulatory RNAS in chromatin. Also It is necessary in the splicing of eukaryotic pre-mRNA
74
The function of 7sRNA
Selection of proteins for export from cells. Functions in the cytosol and at the endoplasmic reticulum. It is necessary in the targeting of proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. It is a component of a complex known as signal recognition particle (SRP)

Medicine 2nd Year First Simister (5 decks)

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