Pathologies of the Testis

Question 1

What is the term for testicular descent that has been arrested at some point from the abdominal cavity to the upper scrotum?

Answer 1

Cryptorchidism

Question 2

What is cryptorchidism?

Answer 2

Testicular descent arrested at any point from the abdominal cavity to the upper scrotum

Question 3

Cryptorchid testes are classified by…

Answer 3

location: abdominal, inguinal, or upper scrotal

Question 4

What are some rare locations for cryptorchidism?

Answer 4

Perineum or calf

Question 5

What are the clinical features of crytorchidism?

Answer 5

Increased incidences of infertility and germ cell neoplasia (20-40x increased incidence of testicular cancer)

Question 6

All men with bilateral cryptorchid testes have…

Answer 6

azoospermia (and are infertile)

Question 7

In male fertility, you should refer to ___ pathology as a sepratesticular cause

Answer 7

pituitary and thyroid pathology

Question 8

What are some posttesticular causes of male infertility?

Answer 8

Infections, trauma, surgery (vasectomy)

Question 9

What are some testicular causes of male infertility?

Answer 9

• Orchitis
• Cryptorchidism
• Azoospermia
• Radiation

Question 10

In what form does epididymitis most often occur?

Answer 10

Acute form as a complication of gonorrhea or a sexually acquired chlamydia infection

Question 11

Epididymitis is characterized by ___ inflammation

Answer 11

suppurative

Question 12

What is the more common cause of epididymitis in older men?

Answer 12

E. coli from associated urinary tract infections

Question 13

How do patients present if they have epididymitis?

Answer 13

Intra-scrotal pain and tenderness, with or without associated fever

Question 14

What is orchitis?

Answer 14

Acute or chronic inflammation of the testis

Question 15

What is the term for acute or chronic inflammation of the testis?

Answer 15

Orchitis

Question 16

Orchitis may occur as isolated testicular inflammation, or as part of…

Answer 16

epididymo-orchitis (ascending infection)

Question 17

The most common form of orchitis is secondary to ___ and associated with ___

Answer 17

secondary to urinary tract infection and associated with gram negative bacteria

Question 18

Mumps orchitis occurs in ___% of men who develop mumps

Answer 18

20%

Question 19

What is the most common etiology of torsion of testes?

Answer 19

Congenital abnormality in which testes is inadequately affixed to scrotum allowing it to rotate

Question 20

What is torsion of testes?

Answer 20

Spermatic cord twist leading to ischemia

Question 21

How does torsion of testes present?

Answer 21

Sudden excruciating pain; one testis may hang higher than the other

Question 22

When does torsion of testes typically present?

Answer 22

Newborn or during puberty

Question 23

The most common testicular tumors are ___ tumors, of which ___ are the most common subtype

Answer 23

germ cell tumors, of which seminomas are the most common subtype

Question 24

Association has been made with cryptorchidism and use of ___

Answer 24

diethylstildestrol (DES)

Question 25

Testicular tumors commonly present in what age range?

Answer 25

25-40 year olds

Question 26

Progressively growing scr