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Visceral Pathology > Myocardial Hypertrophy > Flashcards

Myocardial Hypertrophy Flashcards

1
Q

What valve is found between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

A

Tricuspid valve

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2
Q

What valve is found between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk?

A

Pulmonary valve

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3
Q

What valve is found between the left atrium and the left ventricle?

A

Bicuspid/mitral valve

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4
Q

What valve is found between the left ventricle and the aorta?

A

Aortic valve

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5
Q

What is the expected size/weight of a diseased heart?

A

Larger (over 300g)

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6
Q

Which ventricle normally has a thicker wall?

A

Left ventricle

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7
Q

What is a normal heart rate?

A

60-100 BPM

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8
Q

What is the term for a slow heart rate?
For a fast heart rate?

A

Slow: bradycardia
Fast: tachycardia

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9
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

End diastolic volume - end systolic volume

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10
Q

What is myocardial hypertrophy?

A

Adaptive response that augments myocyte contractile strength

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11
Q

What is physiological hypertrophy?

A

Normal organization of cardiac structure and normal or enhanced cardiac function
ie. endurance athletes

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12
Q

Pathological hypertrophy is commonly associated with…

A

upregulation of fetal genes, fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction, and increased mortality

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13
Q

What are two major etiologic contributing factors accounting for pathologic hypertrophy?

A

Pressure and volume

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14
Q

If valvular stenosis is causing a pressure overload, is it aortic or pulmonary?

A

Can be either, both cause overload

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15
Q

Chronic hypertension can cause ___ overload

A

pressure

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16
Q

Valvular stenosis can cause ___ overload

A

pressure

17
Q

Myocardial injury can cause ___ overload

A

volume

18
Q

Congenital heart diseases can cause ___ overload

A

volume

19
Q

Valvular insufficiency can cause ___ overload

A

volume

20
Q

Cardiomyopathy can cause ___ overload

A

volume

21
Q

What is an example of valvular insufficiency?

A

Regurgitant valves (two-way passage)

22
Q

Concentric hypertrophy is due to ___ overload

A

pressure

23
Q

How does concentric hypertrophy affect chamber size?

A

Does not increase chamber size, may decrease it

24
Q

With concentric hypertrophy, the ratio of thickness to cavity diameter…

A

increases

25
Q

With concentric hypertrophy, sarcomeres are added in…

A

parallel

26
Q

Eccentric hypertrophy is due to ___ overload

A

volume

27
Q

How does eccentric hypertrophy affect chamber size?

A

Chamber size (and wall thickness) increases

28
Q

With eccentric hypertrophy, sarcomeres are added in…

A

series
(muscle length increases, dilating cardiac muscle)

29
Q

The coronary artery supplies the heart
What is the effect of hypertrophy on this function?

A

Coronary artery cannot supply hypertrophy, leading to ischemia

Visceral Pathology (41 decks)

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