Lecture Final Review Flashcards
New parents of an otherwise healthy baby boy are concerned when they notice a tiny opening on the dorsal aspect of their child’s penis. Urine is seen to dribble from this opening and their obstetrician indicates that a corrective surgery is necessary.
What is the most appropriate term given to this condition?
Epispadiasis
A 32-year-old sexually active female has been experiencing lower abdominopelvic pain for a few months. She is spotting and has not had a period in about two months’ time. Her gynecologist performs an ultrasound and multiple fluid filled lucencies within the uterus are discovered. They measure approximately 1cm in diameter. She is told that they will need to go in surgically to remove the excess tissue.
What is most likely the diagnosis in this case?
Hydatidiform mole
A 15-year-old female embarrassingly admits to her mother that she is developing a lump near her armpit. Worried, she makes an appointment for her daughter to see a pediatrician. After palpation of the axillary region on the left-hand side, the doctor suggests a fine needle aspiration. Results demonstrate a normal pattern of glands resembling the terminal duct lobular unit.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Polymastia
Of the following choices, which conditions were discussed in this last unit of study which would present with “keratin pearls”? Choose all that apply
- Cervical carcinoma
- Renal cell carcinoma
- Bladder carcinoma
- Ovarian carcinoma
- Seminoma
- Prostatic carcinoma
- Mucinous carcinoma of the breast
- Sarcoma botryoids
- Verrucous carcinoma of the penis
- Scrotal carcinoma
- Cervical carcinoma
- Bladder carcinoma (squamous cell)
- Sarcoma botryoids (vulvar cancer in young females)
- Verrucous carcinoma of the penis
- Scrotal carcinoma
A pathology resident is given a tissue sample harvested from the genitourinary system from a surgical patient. A report is due within the hour that characterizes the potential insult to the tissue.
What is the most likely mechanism of injury in the slide provided?
End-stage immune complex glomerulonephritis
A 24-year-old male is preparing for his first bodybuilding competition. He has unfortunately decided to get some “help” in the form of exogenous hormones. In his last cycle, he was regularly injecting himself with 400mg of testosterone cypionate. Over the past few days, he started to notice a puffiness in and around his pectoral region, especially around the nipple. He visits his doctor who then performs a biopsy of the affected tissue. It is determined that he has excess duct development.
What condition does this individual have?
Gynecomastia
Normal development of ovarian follicles is noted as well as ovulation on the 14th day of the wife’s cycle. Ejaculate analysis reveals a decreased sperm count along with a high percentage of immotile spermatozoa. His medical history is slightly more complex as he did suffer from a meningioma earlier on in life which was successfully treated with radiation.
What best explains this couples infertility difficulties?
Testicular infertility
Who is most likely to have an increased risk of breast carcinoma?
- Two children, BMI of 18.2, onset of menstruation at age 15
- BMI of 20, onset of menopause at 45, normal BRCA 1/BRCA to gene loci
- Nulliparous, BMI of 24.4, onset of menopause at 55
- BMI of 26.5, 10 pack-year smoker, two children, onset of menstruation at 15
- Nulliparous, BMI of 24.4, onset of menopause at 55
- BMI of 26.5, 10 pack-year smoker, two children, onset of menstruation at 15
New parents are elated with the birth of their healthy baby girl. The mother’s pregnancy was unremarkable with a flawless, yet prolonged period of labor and delivery. Approximately 2 months after delivery, the mother begins to present with uncharacteristic vaginal bleeding. In addition, she also begins to demonstrate marked dyspnea and starts to cough up a little bit of blood. Blood work reveals that she still might be pregnant which is extremely confusing to her and her husband.
What best explains this turn of events?
Theca lutein cyst
During his yearly physical, a 71-year-old male admits to his doctor that he has been feeling “tired all the time”. In addition to complaining about general aches and pains, most of them of the back-pain variety, he states that his wife keeps on stating that he looks “pale”. Confirmation of anemia is made through blood work. It is also determined that he has hematuria.
What is most likely?
Invasive pattern of glands (possibly cancer)
A routine mammogram on a 54-year-old female shows a positive result. Areas of spiculated calcifications are seen to obscure a questionable area of density and result in a fine needle aspiration being performed. Ducts in lobules are seen within the same field of view. Intact ducts are visualized with well-defined borders and intact basement membranes. Lobular walls are visualized having hyperchromatic nuclei with some cells occupying the inside of the lobule itself without any evidence of lobular cells situated in connective tissue stroma.
Based on these findings, what is most likely the diagnosis?
Ductal carcinoma in situ
After a single instance of unprotected sex, eruption of painful vesicles is observed on the labia majora of a 24-year-old female.
What is the most likely causative agent?
HSV-2
A 50-year-old male is experiencing some uncomfortable symptoms. After a two-day bout of dysuria, his condition worsened to now experiencing deep boring pain which radiates to his back, perineal region, and abdomen. This is accompanied with fever and chills.
Which is most consistent with the patient’s presentation?
- Infiltration of plasma cells within glandular architecture of the prostate
- Hyperplastic prostatic acini would be evident on biopsy
- Patient would respond well with antibiotic therapy
- Patient would likely have a moderate Gleason score
Patient would respond well with antibiotic therapy
During a PHY6405 final exam, a student is shown a series of four CT scans. In this series of CT scans, the student is asked to select the scan that represents a congenital variant with the assumption of normal renal function.
This is that exam, and you are that student.
Patient presents to their primary physician after hearing a “pop” in their ankle following a minor injury. The fracture is confirmed. The doctor notes however, there is a general decrease in bone density and orders some blood work as well as urinalysis. Urinalysis demonstrates marked proteinuria. Blood work demonstrates elevated numbers of odd-looking lymphocytes.
What is most likely?
Multiple myeloma
Recurrent UTI in a 27-year-old male prompts his physician to take a coronal CT scan. A round tissue mass is visualized medially to psoas major muscle. A normal capsule is seen. The condition is thought to be a failure of normal embryological development.
What is most likely?
Renal ectopia
