Pathologies of the Knee, Ankle & Foot Flashcards
1
Q
- Pain in the ankle joint.
- Pain specifically on the outside of the ankle (inversion sprain) when pressing in on the damaged ligaments.
- Swelling or bruising may be present but not always.
A
Ankle Sprain
1
Q
- Symptoms of the condition can include pain over the inside lower half of the leg.
- There may be pain at the start of exercise which often eases as the session continues. This pain often returns after activity and may be at its worse the next morning.
- Sometimes you may get some swelling or lumps and bumps may be felt when feeling the inside of the shin bone.
- Pain when the toes or foot are bent downwards can also be a symptom.
- Redness over the inside of the shin may be present, although not in all cases.
A
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome
2
Q
- Sudden sharp pain at the back of the leg muscle.
- Depending on severity the athlete may be unable to walk properly.
- There may be bruising.
A
Calf Strain
3
Q
- Gradual onset of pain at the back of the ankle, just above the heel bone.
- This develops over a period of days.
- Pain at the onset of exercise which fades as the exercise progresses.
- Pain eases with rest.
- Tenderness on palpation.
A
Achilles Tendonitis
5
Q
- A sharp pain in the muscle on the outside of the lower leg, usually the result of a direct blow.
- Weakness when trying to pull the foot upwards against resistance which may result in foot drop or a slapping gait.
- Swelling and tenderness over the tibialis anterior muscle.
- Pain when the foot and toes are bent downwards.
A
Anterior Compartment Syndrome (ACS)
6
Q
- Audible pop or crack at time of injury
- Feeling of initial instability, later may be masked by inflammation
- Extreme pain immediately after injury
- Inflammation immediate, but can be delayed
- Movement restricted, especially unable to fully extend knee
- Possible diffuse tenderness
A
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tear
7
Q
- Pain on outside of the knee at or around lateral epicondyle of the femur
- Pain made worse by running (especially downhill)
- Pain during flexion and extension of the knee, aggravated by pressing sore area at side of knee
- Hip abduction weak
A
Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS)
8
Q
- Pain at anterior and inferior patella
- Aching and stiff after exertion
- Pain upon contraction of quadriceps
- May be weak VMO and calf muscles
A
Patellar Tendinopathy (Tendonitis)/jumpers’ knee
9
Q
- History of trauma or torsion (twisting) of the knee
- Pain at medial or lateral surface of knee joint
- Swelling of the knee within 24 hours
- Unable to fully flex knee, may be pain and/or clicking
- Locking or “giving out” of knee
- Unable to weight bear on affected side
A
Meniscus Injury
10
Q
Grade One: ligament will over-stretch and possible minor tearing
• Minor pain.
• Bruising and swelling are minimal to the point where a person is able to walk on the injured joint.
• Subject to little or no loss of function
• Possible stiffness due to inflammation
• May be some minor instability
Grade Two: Mild to moderate tearing of ligaments • Able to bear weight with difficulty. • Moderate swelling and pain • Mild to moderate bruising • Some loss of function • Joint Instability
Grade Three: Sprain involves a completely ruptured ligament.
• This will not allow the patient to place any weight on the injured area.
• Severe pain
• Sever swelling and bruising.
• Joint Instability
A
Medial or Lateral Collateral Ligament Sprain
11
Q
- Pain at tibial tuberosity
- Tuberosity may be inflamed and be more prominent on affected side
- Tenderness and pain is worse during and after exercise
- Pain when contracting the quadriceps against resistance
- Pain when contracting Quads with leg in full extension
A
Osgood Schlatters disease
12
Q
- Aching pain in the knee joint, particularly at the front, around and under the patella.
- Tenderness along the inside border of the kneecap.
- Swelling sometimes occurs after activity.
- Pain is often worst when walking up or down hills or stairs.
- A clicking or cracking sound may be present on bending the knee.
- Sitting for long periods may be uncomfortable. This is known as the theater sign or movie-goers knee.
- Wasting (atrophy) of the quadriceps muscles in prolonged cases.
- A Q-angle greater than 18 to 20 degrees.
- Tight muscles including calf muscles, hamstrings, quadriceps (especially vastus lateralis on the outside) and iliotibial band.
A
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
12
Q
- Symptoms of the condition include heel pain, under the heel and usually on the inside, at the origin of the attachment of the fascia.
- There can be pain when pressing on the inside of the heel and sometimes along the arch.
- The pain is usually worse first thing in the morning as the fascia tightens up overnight and after a few minutes it eases as the foot gets warmed up.
- As the condition becomes more severe the pain can get worse throughout the day if activity continues.
- Stretching the plantar fascia may be painful and sometimes there may also be pain along the outside border of the heel.
A
Plantar Fasciitis
13
Q
- Pain on one side of a toe and the adjacent side of the next toe.
- Pain when you squeeze the foot.
- Pain if you press between the bones.
A
Morton’s Neuroma/Syndrome
14
Q
- Swelling and pain at the joint of the big toe and metatarsal bone in the foot.
- Pain and tenderness on bending the toe or pulling (stretching) it upwards.
A
Turf Toe
