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NBDE I Review > Pathologies of Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Pathologies of Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are six examples of diseases with Granulomatous inflammation?

A

TB, leprosy, syphilis, cat-scratch disease, sarcoidosis and Crohn disease

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2
Q

India ink stain

A

Ink not taken up by capsule. This stain is used in the identification of the fungus Cryptococcus

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3
Q

What are the two major diseases caused by enterotoxins?

A

Infectious diarrhea and food poisoning

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4
Q

Bacteria present in normal oral flora associated with human bites and clenched-fist injuries

A

Eikenella corrodens

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5
Q

What bacterial pathogen is responsible for causing Strept throat, Scarlett Fever, and Impetigo?

A

Strept. Pyogenes

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6
Q

What pathogen is responsible for causing Sialoadenitis (parotiditis), and Sialolithiasis?

A

Staphylococcus

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7
Q

What pathogen causes Diphtheria?

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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8
Q

What pathogen causes oral Syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

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9
Q

What pathogen causes oral T.B.?

A

Mycobacterium tuburculosis

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10
Q

What pathogen causes thrush?

A

Candida albicans

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11
Q

What viral infection causes Infectious mono and Oral hairy leukoplakia

A

Ebstein-Barr Virus

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12
Q

What viral invection causes cold sores and glossitis?

A

Herpes Simplex-1

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13
Q

What viral infection causes Chickenpox and Shingles?

A

Varicella/Zoster

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14
Q

What enterovirus causes Hand-Foot and Mouth disease

A

Coxsackievirus

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15
Q

What disease has an associated “chancre” that may be found in the mouth (that may be followed by a secondary “snail-track ulcer”)?

A

Oral syphilis-caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum

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16
Q

What are six diseases associated with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)?

A

Infectious mononucleosis, Burkitts Lymphoma, HHV 8, possibly Chronic fatigue Syndrome, Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, and Hairy Leukoplakia in AIDS patients

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17
Q

What infection is diagnosed in the lab using the Tzanck smear (although most diagnoses are made clinically)?

A

Herpes Zoster Infection (Shingles)

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18
Q

What disease presents with characteristic Koplick’s spots?

A

Measles-Koplick’s spots are bright red lesions with a white central dot that are located on the buccal mucosa. They are virtually diagnostic.

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19
Q

What group is the fastest-growing segment of the oral cancer population?

A

HPV group

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20
Q

What causes Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A

HHV 8

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21
Q

What are the four intestinal protozoa that cause diarrhea?

A

Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum and Isospora belli

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22
Q

What trophozoites invade colonic epithelium and secrete enzymes causing localized necrosis and typical “flask-shaped” ulcers as the lesion reaches the muscularis mucosae layer?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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23
Q

What is a pear-shaped pathogen with a central nucleus and four anterior flagella (existing only as a trophozoite with no cyst form)?

A

Sexually transmitted protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis

24
Q

What pathogen causes Malaria?

A

the intracellular protozoan parasite Plasmodium (vivax, malariae, ovale and falciparum)

25
Q

What is the worst species of pathogen that causes malaria?

A

Plasmodium falciparum

26
Q

What pathogen is responsible for causing Pinworms?

A

Enterobius vermicularis, a Nematode whose lifecycle is confined to humans.

27
Q

What is the most common helminth disease in the U.S?

A

Pinworms caused by Enterobius vermicularis (a Nematode)

28
Q

What are six diseases associated with Rickettsia?

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever, Rickettsialpox, Epidemic Typhus, Endemic Typhus, Brill-Zinsser Disease and Q-Fever

29
Q

What pathogen is responsible for causing Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Rickettsia rickettsii (wood tick, dog ticks are vectors)

30
Q

What pathogen is responsible for causing Rickettsialpox?

A

Rickettsia akari (transmitted by mites that live on house mice)

31
Q

What pathogen is responsible for causing Epidemic Typhus?

A

Rickettsia prowazekii (transmitted by lice to humans)

32
Q

What pathogen is responsible for causing Endemic Typhus?

A

Rickettsia typhi (a flea-borne typus not as severe as Epidemic Typhus), rodents serve as the primary reservoir

33
Q

What pathogen is responsible for causing Brill-Zinsser Disease?

A

Rickettsia prowazekii (patients who recover from epidemic louse-borne Typhus without antibiotic therapy may still retain the pathogen in a latent state). Symptoms are milder than the original infection.

34
Q

What pathogen is responsible for causing Q-Fever?

A

Coxiella burnetti (grows in ticks and cattle)-this is unique because it has an endospore form which unlike the other Rickettsia, has an association with bacteria

35
Q

What are the three genera of spirochetes that cause human infection?

A

Treponema, Borrelia and Leptospira

36
Q

Which spirochete is responsible for causing syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

37
Q

What are the characteristic lesions associated with the varying states of primary syphilis?

A

Chancre, maculopapular rash, condyloma lata

38
Q

What are the typical findings associated with secondary syphilis?

A

Organ involvement resulting in meningitis, nephritis, or hepatitis (along with lymphadenopathy (especially inguinal) arthritis and fever)

39
Q

What is the characteristic finding of tertiary Syphilis?

A

aorta involvement (80-85%) with aneurysm formation or aortic regurgitation. It can also involve the CNS (5-10%) resulting in Neurosyphilis from a chronic meningitis to Tabes Dorsalis

40
Q

What is the name of the tertiary syphilis lesion that is gray-white and rubbery that heal by scarring and may be found in skin, bones and liver?

A

Gummas

41
Q

What is the triad of findings associated with congenital syphilis?

A

Interstitial keratitis, Hutchinson’s teeth and 8th nerve deafness (additional findings include saddle-nose deformities and saber shin)

42
Q

What disease is diagnosed based on identifying spirochetes in early lesions by Darkfield examination?

A

Syphilis

43
Q

What is the Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction?

A

Over 1/2 of patients being treated for 2nd syphilis with PCN experience chills, fever, myalgias a few hours after receiving antibiotic treatment (due to the lysis of the treponemes and the release of a toxin). It may last for up to 24 hours and can be relieved by aspirin.

44
Q

What disease is caused by loosely coiled spirochete visualized by darkfield microscopy or silver stains and trasnmitted by a deer tick bite.

A

Lyme disease-Borrelia burgdorferi

45
Q

What is the most common vector-borne disease in the U.S.?

A

Lyme disease-Borrelia burgdorferi

46
Q

What disease is caused by Borrelia recurrentis (a spirochete)?

A

Relapsing fever (transmitted to humans via the body louse)

47
Q

What disease is associated with a Ghon complex?

A

Tuberculosis (caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

48
Q

What is the name of the miliary form of Tuberculosis that causes vertebral osteoarthritis?

A

Potts Disease (another miliary form is Tuberculosis Meningitis)

49
Q

What is the most common cause of viral encephalitis in the U.S.?

A

Herpes encephalitis from Herpes Simplex Type I

50
Q

What is the most common cause of congenital anamolies in the U.S.?

A

Cytomegalovirus

51
Q

What is the most common viral cause of mental retardation?

A

Congenital cytomegalovirus-characterized by multinucleated giant cells with prominent basophilic intranuclear inclusions

52
Q

What is the largest virus?

A

Poxvirus

53
Q

Which DNA non-enveloped virus infects squmous epithelial cells and produces cytoplasmic vaculoles within cells called Koilocytes (which are the hallmark of infection)?

A

Papillomavirus

54
Q

What non-enveloped DNA virus is responsible for causing Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth’s Disease) or “Slapped Cheek Syndrome”?

A

Parvovirus B19

55
Q

What is the most important cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants, sometimes responsible for death?

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

56
Q

Neurons infected with which virus contain an eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion called a Negri Body, which is important in the diagnosis?

A

Rabies virus (one of the Rhabdoviruses)

57
Q

Which virus (specifically of the picornavirus group) is the cause of the common cold?

A

Rhinovirus

NBDE I Review (6 decks)

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