Compendium Flashcards
What is the formula for the primary dentition per maxillary/mandibular quadrant?
i 2/2; c 1/1; m 2/2
What is the formula for the permanent dentition per maxillary/mandibular quadrant?
I 2/2; C 1/1; P 2/2; M 3/3
Where is the mesial contact area (incisocervically) of the maxillary central incisor?
I 1/3 (Remember maxillary teeth IJ JM JM and mandibular teeth II II IM)
Where is the distal contact area (incisocervically) of the maxillary central incisor?
J of I and M 1/3 (Remember maxillary teeth IJ JM JM and mandibular teeth II II IM)
Where is the mesial contact area (incisocervically) of the maxillary lateral incisor?
J of I and M 1/3 (Remember maxillary teeth IJ JM JM and mandibular teeth II II IM)
Where is the distal contact area (incisocervically) of the maxillary lateral incisor?
M 1/3 (Remember maxillary teeth IJ JM JM and mandibular teeth II II IM)
Where is the mesial contact area (incisocervically) of the maxillary canine?
J of I and M 1/3 (Remember maxillary teeth IJ JM JM and mandibular teeth II II IM)
Where is the distal contact area (incisocervically) of the maxillary canine?
M 1/3 (Remember maxillary teeth IJ JM JM and mandibular teeth II II IM)
Where is the mesial contact area (incisocervically) of the mandibular central incisor?
I 1/3 (Remember maxillary teeth IJ JM JM and mandibular teeth II II IM)
Where is the distal contact area (incisocervically) of the mandibular central incisor?
I 1/3 (Remember maxillary teeth IJ JM JM and mandibular teeth II II IM)
Where is the mesial contact area (incisocervically) of the mandibular lateral incisor?
I 1/3 (Remember maxillary teeth IJ JM JM and mandibular teeth II II IM)
Where is the distal contact area (incisocervically) of the mandibular lateral incisor?
I 1/3 (Remember maxillary teeth IJ JM JM and mandibular teeth II II IM)
Where is the mesial contact area (incisocervically) of the mandibular canine?
I 1/3 (Remember maxillary teeth IJ JM JM and mandibular teeth II II IM)
Where is the distal contact area (incisocervically) of the mandibular canine?
M 1/3 (Remember maxillary teeth IJ JM JM and mandibular teeth II II IM)
As a generality, the proximal contact areas (occlusocervically) are positioned in what portion of the crown? What are the exceptions?
Middle 1/3 of the crown occlusocervically. The exceptions include the mesial contact area of the mandibular 1st PM (positioned more cervically than the distal because of a sloped MMR AND the contact areas on the mesial surfaces of maxillary and mandibular molars are located at the JUNCTION of the occlusal and middle 1/3
All teeth have faciolingual proximal contact areas located in what portion of the crown?
Middle 1/3 of the crown (however the posterior teeth tend to have theirs positioned slightly more toward the facial)
Where are the facial heights of contour for all teeth?
In the cervical 1/3 of the crown (although the MANDIBULAR MOLARS are more correctly described as being at the JUNCTION of the cervial and middle 1/3
Facial heights of contour extend in a mesiodistal direction parallel to the cervical line (CEJ) and are also known by what term?
“Cervical ridges”
Where are the facial heights of contour most prominent? Where are they the least prominent?
Mandibular posterior teeth and mandibular anterior teeth (respectively)
Where do anterior teeth have lingual heights of contour?
cervical 1/3 of the crown
Where do posterior teeth have lingual heights of contour? What is the exception?
middle 1/3 of the crown (EXCEPTION: mandibular 2nd PM-the lingual height of contour is said to be at the occlusal 1/3 due to the diminished lingual crown height and cusp size)
Where is the most severe curvature of the CEJ (cementoenamel junction aka the cervical line)? Where is the least severe curvature?
Most: Mesial surface of maxillary central incisor; Least: distal surface of mandibular 3rd molar
Lingual embrasures are wider than facial embrasures on all permanetn teeth because of faciolingual convergence (generally teeth are wider facially than they are lingually). What are the THREE EXCEPTIONS?
(1) Maxillary 1st molar, (2) the 3-cusp variety mandibular 2nd PM (because the lingual calibration of these two teeth is greater than it is on the facial) and (3) mandibular central incisors because they are described as being the same size.
Where is the largest incisal embrasure located?
Between the maxillary lateral incisor and canine
Where is the second largest incisal embrasure located?
Between the mandibular lateral incisor and canine
Where is the third largest incisal embrasure located?
Between the maxillary central and lateral incisors
Where is the fourth largest incisal embrasure located?
Between the maxillary central incisors
Where is the fifth largest incisal embrasure located?
Between the mandibular central and lateral incisors
Where is the sixth largest (or smallest) incisal embrasure located?
Between the mandibular central incisors
Where is the largest overall occlusal embrasure located?
Between the maxillary canine and the first premolar
When do primary teeth show first evidence of calcification?
In utero during the 2nd trimester (about 14 weeks)
When does calcification of of the last primary crowns finish?
By 11 months (maxillary 2nd molars)
What are the first primary teeth to erupt?
Mandibular central incisors (at 10 months)
What are the last primary teeth to erupt?
Maxillary 2nd molars (at 29 months)
When have all primary roots completed formation?
By 39 months (maxillary canines)
What are the first permanent teeth to initiate calcification?
Permanent first molars (initiate calcification after birth)
What are the first permanent teeth to erupt?
Mandibular first molars (6 years of age)
What are the last succedaneous permanent teeth to erupt?
Maxillary canines
What are the last teeth to initiate calcification?
Maxillary 3rd molars (9 years). Also last to complete crown formation and erupt
What is the geometric form of all teeth from a facial or lingual view?
TRAPEZOIDAL (with the shorter parallel side oriented cervically)
What is the geometric form of anterior teeth from a proximal view?
TRIANGULAR with the apex oriented incisally
What is the geometric form of maxillary posterior teeth from a proximal view?
TRAPEZOIDAL with the shorter parallel side oreinted occlusally
What is the geometric form of mandibular posterior teeth from a proximal view?
RHOMBOIDAL
For teeth with one facial cusp, the mesial cusp ridge is slightly shorter than the distal cusp ridge. What are the exceptions?
(1) Maxillary 1st premolar and (2) primary maxillary canine
Nearly all teeth form from 4 developmental lobes. What are the exceptions (3 exceptions form from 5 developmental lobes)?
(1) permanent maxillary 1st molar (2) permanent mandibular 1st molar and (3) the 3-cusp variety mandibular 2nd premolar
What is the largest cusp on molars?
The mesial supporting cusps (maxillary molars it is the ML; mandibular molars it is the MF)
What are the four single molar roots that tend to have more than one canal?
(1) maxillary 1st molar (MF root), (2) mandibular 1st molar (M root), (3) Mandibular 2nd molar (M root) and (4) distal roots of mandibular 1st (31.6%) and 2nd (14.9%) molars.
What are the three single anterior roots with tendencies for more than one canal?
(1) mandibular canine-most likely anterior tooth; has M&D root depressions and is also the anterior tooth most likely to have a bifurcated root (2) mandibular lateral incisor (next most likely, has M&D root depressions), and (3) mandibular central incisor (rare & least likely, has M & D root depressions)
Which maxillary anterior teeth have a tendency for more than one canal.
NONE. Maxillary anterior teeth do not have multiple canals
How many roots and canals do maxillary first premolars typically have?
Two canals (always) and two roots (usually); F & L, rarely 3 but if so, MF, DF and L
How many roots and canals do maxillary second premolars typically have?
variant pulp morphology can have 2 canals and occasionally 2 roots
Which premolar is most likely to have one root and one canal?
Mandibular 2nd premolar
Which maxillary tooth has the smallest M-D crown dimension?
Maxillary lateral incisor
Which tooth has the smallest crown dimension?
Mandibular central incisor
Where is the incisal edge of mandibular teeth in relation to the faciolingual bisector?
Lingual
Which tooth is known for having a crown that is “twisted” on the root; seen from two views?
Mandibular lateral incisor
Which tooth has the longest root length?
Maxillary canine
Which anterior tooth has the greatest F-L dimensions?
Maxillary canine
Where is the cusp tip of the maxillary canine in relation to the faciolingual bisector?
Centerd (it is NEVER lingual to it)
Which anterior tooth has the greatest cervical prominence?
Maxillary canine
Which tooth has the greatest I-C crown length of any tooth?
Mandibular canine
Which mandibular tooth has the greatest root length?
Mandibular canine
Which tooth is the only premolar wth a mesial cusp ridge longer than the distal cusp ridge (facial cusp)?
Maxillary 1st premolar
Which tooth is known for having a mesial marginal ridge (developmental groove)?
Maxillary 1st premolar
What tooth presents with a unique ML developmental groove?
Mandibular 1st premolar
Which tooth has a mesial marginal ridge that slopes lingually (45 degrees) and is cervical to the distal marginal ridge?
Mandibular 1st premolar
Which tooth has a small lingual cusp that is non-functional and almost cingulum-like?
Mandibular 1st premolar
Which tooth presents with 2-cusp (“U or “H”) and 3-cusp (“Y”-more common) varieties?
Mandibular 2nd premolar
Which premolar is the only one with multiple lingual cusps and develops from five developmental lobes?
3-cusp variety mandibular 2nd premolar
What is the only premolar with a lingual groove?
3-cusp variety mandibular 2nd premolar
What is the only premolar with a central fossa?
3-cusp variety mandibular 2nd premolar
What is the most likely premolar to be congenitally missing?
3-cusp variety mandibular 2nd premolar
What are the only teeth to have a mesiolingual lingual calibration that is greater than on the facial?
Maxillary 1st molar, 3-cusp variety mandibular premolar
The 5th cusp (Carabelli) augments the lingual surface of which cusp on maxillary first molars?
ML cusp
Which anatomical features combine to create the oblique ridge of all maxillary molars?
Distal cusp ridge of the ML cusp and the triangular ridge of the DF cusp
What cusps form the primary cusp triangel of all maxillary molars?
MF, ML and DF cusps
Which maxillary tooth has the shortest roots?
Maxillary 3rd molar
Which tooth has the largest M-D crown dimensions of any tooth?
Mandibular 1st molar
What is the only tooth to have two facial developmental grooves?
Mandibular 1st molar
What is the widest tooth mesiodistally?
Mandibular 1st molar
What is the widest primary tooth mesiodistally?
Mandibular 2nd molar
What is the widest anterior tooth mesiodistally?
Maxillary central incisor
What is the widest tooth faciolingually?
Maxillary 1st molar
What is the widest primary tooth faciolingually?
Maxillary 2nd molar
What is the widest anterior tooth faciolingually?
Maxillary canine
What is the only tooth with a pulp chamber wider mesiodistally than faciolingually?
Maxillary central incisor
What are the only three teeth to measure wider lingually than facially?
(1) primary maxillary 2nd molar, (2) permanent maxillary 1st molar and (3) 3-cusp variety mandibular 2nd premolar
Which tooth has the longest root (CEJ to apex)?
Maxillary canine 17.0 mm
What are the three tallest crowns incisogingivally?
Mandibular canine (11.0 mm) > Maxillary central incisor (10.5 mm) > maxillary canine (10.0 mm)
What is the most common incident of a supernumerary tooth?
Mesiodens between maxillary central incisors
What tooth has the smallest anatomical crown?
Mandibular central incisor
What anterior tooth has the most symmetrical anatomical crown?
Mandibular central incisor
What posterior tooth has the most symmetrical anatomical crown?
Maxillary 2nd premolar
Which tooth has the narrowest M-D measurement?
Mandibular central incisor
Which tooth has the best developed lingual anatomy?
Maxillary lateral incisor
What is the only tooth with a linguogingival groove?
Maxillary lateral incisor
What is the only tooth with a mesiolingual groove?
Mandibular 1st premolar
What is the only tooth with a mesial marginal developmental groove?
Maxillary 1st premolar (maxillary molars may have supplemental marginal grooves)
Where is the smallest facial embrasure in the mouth or the smallest lingual embrasure?
Between the two mandibular central incisors (they are essentially the same size)
What is concrescence and where is it usually found?
Where the cementum of two proximal teeth is fused together; associated with 2nd and 3rd molars as well as anterior teeth
What are the top three locations for impacted teeth?
(1) 3rd molars, (2) maxillary canines and (3) mandibular 2nd premolars
