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NBDE I Review > Neoplasms > Flashcards

Neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

most deadly form of skin cancer

A

malignant melanoma-related to sun exposure

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2
Q

Neoplasms composed of chromaffin cells with symptoms including hypertension, headaches, palpitations and diaphoresis

A

pheochromocytomas

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3
Q

most aggressive of lung tumors, metastasize widely, and are virtually incurable by surgical means?

A

small cell (oat cell) carcinoma

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4
Q

Most common bronchogenic carcinoma in women and non-smokers

A

adenocarcinoma (specifically bronchioloalveolar carcinoma)

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5
Q

Most common bronchogenic carcinoma in men, and also closely related to smoking

A

epidermoid (squamous cell) carcinoma

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6
Q

Lymphoma closely linked to Epstein-Barr virus

A

burkitt’s lymphoma (aggressive B cell lymphoma). African form involves maxilla or mandible and American form involves abdominal organs

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7
Q

Infective agents associated with development of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas

A

EBV virus DNA, human T cell lymphotrophic virus, Herpesvirus 8, HIV infection, H pylori

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8
Q

Which carcinoma accounts for 90% of all diagnosed malignant cancers of the oral cavity?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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9
Q

What is the most common invasive cancer in humans?

A

Basal cell carcinoma-slow growing and rarely metastasize (ulcerative, indurated and locally destructive)

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10
Q

What is the most severe tumor of the skin?

A

Malignant melanoma

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11
Q

What is the most common malignancy of the GI tract and a major cause of morbidity and moratlity worldwide?

A

adenocarcinoma (specifically colorectal adenocarcinoma). This is associated with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Most common site sigmoid colon

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12
Q

Most common cancer in males

A

Prostate cancer

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13
Q

Most common benign neoplasms in women

A

Uterine leiomyomas (also called a fibroid)

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14
Q

Most common pelvic tumor

A

uterine fibroid tumors

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15
Q

malignant neoplasms derived from skeletal muscle that affects the throat, bladder, or vagina in infants and large muscle groups of arm and leg in elderly

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

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16
Q

Most common cancer in females

A

breast cancer (almost always adenocarcinoma)

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17
Q

most common location of breast cancer

A

Left breast, outer upper quadrant

18
Q

Most common cause of a clinically palpable breast mass in women 28 to 44 years old

A

Fibrocystic disease of the breast

19
Q

Rapidly metastasizing malignant tumor of placental tissue that typically causes profuse vaginal and intra-abdominal bleeding

A

choriocrcinoma

20
Q

leading cause of death from cancer in both men and women

A

Bronchogenic carcinoma-subclassified into squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma (including brochioloalveolar carcinoma), small cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma

21
Q

Cancer that arises from the pleura

A

mesothelioma

22
Q

Most common type (40%) of bronchiogenic carcinoma

A

Adenocarcinoma

23
Q

Least common type (10%) of bronchiogenic carcinoma

A

Large cell (anaplastic)

24
Q

Least common form of Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Lymphocyte depleted: associated with EBV infection and is also more common in persons with HIV; poorest prognosis

25
Q

Most common form of Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Nodular lymphocyte: more frequently found in young women; preseence of lacunar cells (a Reed-Sternberg cell variant); prognosis relatively good

26
Q

Plasma cell neoplasm characterized by multifocal involvement of the skeleton presenting with “punched-out” bone lesions, bence jones protein and B-cell proliferation

A

Multiple myeloma

27
Q

What marker present in urine samples almost invariably confirms a diagnosis of multiple myeloma?

A

Bence Jones Protein

28
Q

What are the histological features of malignancy?

A

hemhorrage and necrosis, anaplasia, hyperchromatism, pleomorphism and abnormal mitosis

29
Q

Type of nonmalignant cellular growth, but may precede malgnant changes in tissue (associated with chronic irritations such as cigarette smoke)

A

Dysplasia

30
Q

Term describing the substitution of one tissue normally ofund at a site of another. It is commonin the lower esophagus with GERD. Most common substitution is replacement of columnar cells by stratified squamous epithelium.

A

Metaplasia

31
Q

Most common primary malignant tumor of bone

A

osteogenic sarcoma

32
Q

Second most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents (osteosarcomas are the most common) the majority of which result from a chromosome rearrangement between #s 11 and 22.

A

Ewing sarcoma

33
Q

What bone tumor of nonosseous origin is characterized by constipation and visual disturbance?

A

chordoma-derived from embryonic remnants of notochord; progresses slowly

34
Q

Cutaneous disorder marked by hyperkeratosis and pigmentation of the axilla, neck, flexures, and anogenital region

A

Acanthosis nigricans-More than 1/2 of patients with this disorder have cancer (GI carcinomas, particularly of the stomach)

35
Q

What are the three main ways malignant cells spread in the body?

A

lymphatics, bloodstream and direct extension

36
Q

Leading cause of cancer death in children under 15 years of age

A

Leukemia

37
Q

Most malignant form of leukemia

A

AML Acute myeloid leukemia-makes up 90% of acute leukemias diagnosed in adults

38
Q

Least malignant type of leukemia

A

CLL-Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

39
Q

Form of leukemia primarily associated with Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome

A

CML-Chronic myelogenous leukemia (also present in a small % of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and myelogenous leukemia (AML)

40
Q

Form of acute leukemia that is the most responsive to therapy and most common in children

A

ALL-Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

NBDE I Review (6 decks)

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