Pathologies Flashcards
sudden weakness or paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face, usually UNILATERAL but may be BILATERAL
temporary
Bell’s Palsy
what type of condition is bells palsy
a demyelinating condition
causes bells palsy
mostly viral - herpes
surgery
injury
stress
sudden acute progressive bilateral scenting paralusis
neuritis Guillain-barre syndrome
type of condition Neuritis/Guillain-barre syndrome?
demyelinating
acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
cause neuritis/guillain-barre sydrome
autoimmune usually after respiratory tract infection
how to treat neuritis/guillain-barre sydrome
medical emergency
complication neuritis - guillain barre syndrome
death by heart/respiratory failure
progressive demyelination of neurons (CNS, brain, spinal cord) & damage to myelin sheath causing impulse conduction and communication between nerves being disturbed
multiple sclerosis
symptoms MS
SENSORY, MOTOR, VISUAL degeneration
numbness, burning, tingling, blurred vision, progressive paralysis
cognitive impairment, fatigue, depression
muscle weakness, spasms
incontinence
cause MS
unknown
Motor Neuron disease/MS men or women?
MN - more men
MS - more women
age of onset MS/MN
MS - 20-50
MN - after 40, usually 50-70
most common form of MN disease
ALS (Lou Gehrig’s disease)
also PLS, PMA, PBP
cause MN
unknown
suspected link genetics/toxic environment
most common symptom of ALS
muscle weakness
early symptoms of ALS
progressive muscle weakness
twitching (at rest) of hands, arms
facial drooping (bulbar palsy)
late symptoms ALS
legs & feet - dragging/tripping
voice changes
slurred speech
swallowing difficulties
prognosis ALS
death by respiratory failure 3-5 yrs
2 types dementia
vascular dementia
alzheimers disease
neurodegenerative disease of cerebral cortex associated with abnormal protein deposition, destroying neurone that secrete acetylcholine. most common type of dementia
alzheimers disease
cause alzheimers
unknown - aluminium link huge
starts with inability to incorporate new knowledge, despite retention of old information. leads to dematia
alzheimers
prognosis alzheimers
8-10 yrs after symptoms develop
slow, progressive neurological disorder associated with degeneration of neurone in various parts of the brain, primarily the dopaminergic neurone in the substantial nigra.
dopamine deficiency
affects approx 1% of people older than 60
parkinsons
inherited neurodegenerative disorder affecting brain 7 basal ganglia which affects muscle coordination and some cognitive functions. The most common genetic cause of abnormal involuntary writhing movements called chorea
Huntington’s disease
huntington’s disease inherited lack of
GABA
3 cardinal signs parkinsons
Bradykinesia - low voice, shuffling steps
resting tremors - jerky movements
rigidity - muscle stiffness, mask like face
(same as ALS)
