Pathologies

Question 1

sudden weakness or paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face, usually UNILATERAL but may be BILATERAL
temporary

Answer 1

Bell’s Palsy

Question 2

what type of condition is bells palsy

Answer 2

a demyelinating condition

Question 3

causes bells palsy

Answer 3

mostly viral - herpes
surgery
injury
stress

Question 4

sudden acute progressive bilateral scenting paralusis

Answer 4

neuritis Guillain-barre syndrome

Question 5

type of condition Neuritis/Guillain-barre syndrome?

Answer 5

demyelinating

acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

Question 6

cause neuritis/guillain-barre sydrome

Answer 6

autoimmune usually after respiratory tract infection

Question 7

how to treat neuritis/guillain-barre sydrome

Answer 7

medical emergency

Question 8

complication neuritis - guillain barre syndrome

Answer 8

death by heart/respiratory failure

Question 9

progressive demyelination of neurons (CNS, brain, spinal cord) & damage to myelin sheath causing impulse conduction and communication between nerves being disturbed

Answer 9

multiple sclerosis

Question 10

symptoms MS

Answer 10

SENSORY, MOTOR, VISUAL degeneration
numbness, burning, tingling, blurred vision, progressive paralysis
cognitive impairment, fatigue, depression
muscle weakness, spasms
incontinence

Question 11

cause MS

Answer 11

unknown

Question 12

Motor Neuron disease/MS men or women?

Answer 12

MN - more men

MS - more women

Question 13

age of onset MS/MN

Answer 13

MS - 20-50

MN - after 40, usually 50-70

Question 14

most common form of MN disease

Answer 14

ALS (Lou Gehrig’s disease)

also PLS, PMA, PBP

Question 15

cause MN

Answer 15

unknown

suspected link genetics/toxic environment

Question 16

most common symptom of ALS

Answer 16

muscle weakness

Question 17

early symptoms of ALS

Answer 17

progressive muscle weakness
twitching (at rest) of hands, arms
facial drooping (bulbar palsy)

Question 18

late symptoms ALS

Answer 18

legs & feet - dragging/tripping
voice changes
slurred speech
swallowing difficulties

Question 19

prognosis ALS

Answer 19

death by respiratory failure 3-5 yrs

Question 20

2 types dementia

Answer 20

vascular dementia

alzheimers disease

Question 21

neurodegenerative disease of cerebral cortex associated with abnormal protein deposition, destroying neurone that secrete acetylcholine. most common type of dementia

Answer 21

alzheimers disease

Question 22

cause alzheimers

Answer 22

unknown - aluminium link huge

Question 23

starts with inability to incorporate new knowledge, despite retention of old information. leads to dematia

Answer 23

alzheimers

Question 24

prognosis alzheimers

Answer 24

8-10 yrs after symptoms develop

Question 25

slow, progressive neurological disorder associated with degeneration of neurone in various parts of the brain, primarily the dopaminergic neurone in the substantial nigra.
dopamine deficiency
affects approx 1% of people older than 60

Answer 25

parkinsons

Question 26

inherited neurodegenerative disorder affecting brain 7 basal ganglia which affects muscle coordination and some cognitive functions. The most common genetic cause of abnormal involuntary writhing movements called chorea

Answer 26

Huntington’s disease

Question 27

huntington’s disease inherited lack of

Answer 27

GABA

Question 28

3 cardinal signs parkinsons

Answer 28

Bradykinesia - low voice, shuffling steps
resting tremors - jerky movements
rigidity - muscle stiffness, mask like face
(same as ALS)