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Nervous System > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

0
Q

Role neurons

A

Process, transmit info

Electrically excitable

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1
Q

2 types nerve cells

A

Neurons

Neuroglia (glial cells)

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2
Q

Role of glial cells

A

Nourish, support protect neurons

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3
Q

Definition of a nerve

A

A bundle of 1 or more neurons

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4
Q

Neurons consist of

A 
Cell body
Dendrites
Axon 
Myelin sheath
Terminal endings
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5
Q

Neurons possess electrical excitability what does this mean

A

The ability to make action potential

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6
Q

Nerve stimulus definition

A

Anything able to trigger generation of action potential in a neuron
Can be internal/external

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7
Q

Neurons: cell bodies are known collectively as

A

Grey matter of NS

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8
Q

Collections of cell bodies are referred to as

A

Nuclei/centres in the CNS

ganglia in the PNS

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9
Q

Axons determine nerve length, vary from

A

<1mm CNS to 1m sciatic nerve

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10
Q

Function axon

A

Carries nerve impulses to another neuron away from body

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11
Q

Axon covered by a membrane called

A

The axolemma

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12
Q

The ends of axons are called

A

Axon terminals

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13
Q

Axon bundles are called

A

Tracts in CNS

Nerves in PNS

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14
Q

What makes up white matter of NS

A

Axons and dendrites

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15
Q

What are dendrites

A

‘Little trees’

Receiving end of neuron

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16
Q

What is myelin sheath

A

Multi layered lipid & protein covering around the axons

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17
Q

Myelin sheath formed by what in embryo

A

Neuroglia/ glial cells

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18
Q

Myelin atom continues through childhood and peaks in

A

Adolescence

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19
Q

Covered axons are termed

A

Myelinated

20
Q

3 functions myelin sheath

A

Insulates axon (covers axolemma)
Regeneration of axons in peripheral NS
Increases speed of nerve impulse conduction (by forming gaps)

21
Q

Neuroglia also known as

A

Glia

Glial cells

22
Q

Can neuroglia multiply & divide

A

Yes

Unlike neurons

23
Q

Situation of neuroglia

A

Surround and bind neurons

24
Q

Size/no neuroglia compared to neurons

A

Far smaller

3-50 times as many

25
Q

What will glia do after trauma

A

Fill spaces left by damaged neurons

  • malignant growth of tumours
26
Q

4 functions of Glia

A

Surround neurons and hold them in place
Supply nutrients/oxygen to neurons
Insulate one neuron from another
Destroy pathogens, remove dead neurons

27
Q

4 functions neuroglia

A

Surround Neurons, hold in place
Supply nutrients/oxygen to Neurons
Insulate one Neurons from another
Destroy pathogens and remove dead Neurons

28
Q

Where are Schwann cells

A

PNS

29
Q

Where are oligodendrocytes

A

CNS

30
Q

4 types neuroglia in CNS

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

31
Q

2 types neuroglia PNS

A

Neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells)

Satellite cells

32
Q

Describe Astrocytes

A

Star shaped with breaching processes

In CNS

33
Q

2 functions Astrocytes

A

Hold Neurons to their blood supply

Contribute to blood brain barrier

34
Q

Describe oligodendrocytes

A

Smaller than Astrocytes

In CNS

35
Q

Role of oligodendrocytes

A

Form, maintain myelin in CNS

Similar role to Schwann cells in PNS

36
Q

Microglia derived from what

A

Monocytes migrate before birth

37
Q

Where are microglia found

A

Near blood vessels in CNS

Also mobile in the brain

38
Q

What do microglia do when brain is damaged

A

Multiply

39
Q

What else do microglia do

A

Phagocytic - clean up

40
Q

Describe ependymal cells

Where are they found

A

Endothelial and epithelial cells which line walls of
4 ventricles of the cerebrum
Central canal of spinal cord

CNS

41
Q

What do ependymal cells make

How is it circulated

A

Cerebrospinal fluid CSF

Beat their cilia to circulate it

42
Q

What do Schwann cells produce

A

Myelin sheaths around neurons in the PNS - specifically the Axons

43
Q

Describe myeline sheath

A

Multi-layered lipid and protein covering

44
Q

Role of myelin sheath

A

Insulates axon

Increased speed of nerve impulse conduction

45
Q

Covered axons are termed

A

Myelinated

46
Q

Dendrite connections and most myelination is finished by what age

A

3

Malnutrition in infancy causes irreversible damage

47
Q

Gap between Schwann cells along a neuron called

A

Node of ranvier

48
Q

Function of nodes of ranvier

A

Increase speed of nerve transmission

Nervous System (12 decks)

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