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Procedures > Pathologies > Flashcards

Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

CIRRHOSIS
The LIVER is SCARRED

A

• Tremor (
• Hepatic Foeter
• Eye and skin yellow
• Loss of appetite
• increased bilirubin and ammonia
• Varices
• Edema in legs
• Reduced platelets & WBCs
• Itchy skin
• Spider anginomas
• Splenomegaly
• Confused or Coma
• Ascites
• Reddened Palms
• Renal failure
• Enlarged Breast
• Deficient in Vit.A , B 12, C, D E K

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2
Q

ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
“HAD STREP”

A

• Hypertension
• ASO “antistrepolysin” tiger
• Decreased GFR low urinary output
And increased K+
“ Swelling in face and eyes (mild)
• Tea-colored urine
• Recent Strep infection
• Elevated Bun & creatinine
• Proteinuria

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3
Q

IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
“LOW IRON”

A

• Lethargic
•Overexerted easily…may have SOB
•Weird food graving (Ice., Clay & dirt)

• inflammation of tongue or Increased Hr
• Reduced Hgb levels
•Observe changes in RBC’s
•Nail changes

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4
Q

SEPSIS
Risk Factors

A

• Suppressed immune system
• Extreme age (infant & elderly)
• People who received transplants
• Surgical procedures
• Indwelling devices
• Sickness (HF, renal failure ,liver failure)

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5
Q

Septic Shock
Msg Interventions

A

• Start antibiotics
• Enteral nutrition
• Protein activated C
• Titrate vasopressor
• Inotropics
• Crystalloids & Colloids

• S
• Hemodynamics
• Oxygenate
• Culture
• Keep blood glucose below 180mg/dL

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6
Q

TUBERCULOSIS
Risk Factors
TB RISK

A

• Tight quarters
• Below poverty level
• Refugee
• Immune suppressed
• Substance abuse
• Kids under age 5

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7
Q

CARDIAC OUTPUT

A

• The amount of blood pumped by the
Heart per minute

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8
Q

GESTATIONAL DIABETES
MOMMA
Risk Factors

A

• Maternal age ( greater than 35)
• Overweight or Obese
• Macrosomia ( large baby)
• Multiple children
• A history of DX.

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9
Q

7 L’s of Hypokalemia

A

• Lethargic
• Lethal cardiac changes
• Low shallow respirations
• Loss of urine
• Leg cramps
• Limp muscles
• Low BP & HR

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10
Q

COMPARTMENT SYNDROME

A

• 6 P’s
• Pain
• Pallor
• Paralysis
• Pulselessness
• Parathesia
• Poikilothermia

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11
Q

TUBERCULOSIS II
Signs and symptoms

A

• coughing that lasts three or more weeks
• coughing up blood
• Fever
• Night sweats
• Fatigue
• unintentional weight loss
• chills
• loss of appetite
• Chest pain or pain w/breathing or coughing

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12
Q

EPIGLOTTITIS
Signs & symptoms
ADD AIR NURSE

A

• Abnormal position (tripod)
• Dysphasia leads to drooling
• Difficulty speaking

• Apprehension
• Increased temp (high)
• Rapid onset

• Nasal Flaring
• Using accessory muscles
• Retractions ( Chest)
• Stridor
• Enlarged epiglottis

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13
Q

MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
Signs & Symptoms

A

• Weakness in neck, face, arms/legs
• Eyelid drooping & ptosis
• Appearance mask-like
• Keep choking, gagging while eating
• No energy
• Extra ocular muscle involvement
• Slurred speech
• Shortness of breath

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14
Q

Celiac Disease

A

Autoimmune GI disorder where when gluten is ingested it damages villi.

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15
Q

Foods to AVOID w/ Celiac disease
“BROW”

A

Barley
Rye
Oats
Wheat

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16
Q

Signs and symptoms
Of
Celiac Disease
“ MALNOURISHED “

A

Mouth sores
Anemia
Lactose intolerance
Nausea/vomiting
Osteo (thinning fx)
Unexplored growth, puberty (kids)
Rashes (dermatitis herpeformitis)
Irregular. Periods or irritable
Stool greasy
Hair loss
Enamel changes
Diarrhea

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17
Q

METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
ALKALI

A

A ldosterone production excessive
- Hyperaldosteronism activates RAAS
L oop diuretics ( Lasix) or thiazides kidneys
waste hydrogen ions (ex. Chloride)- increases bicarb
Kali ingestion (baking soda, antacids, milk)
Anticoagulant ( citrate) used in storage for blood transfusion & during
L oss of fluids “ vomiting & NG suction” rich in hydrogen ions (ex. K) increases bicarb.
Increased sodium bicarb administration

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18
Q

DIVERTICULITIS

A

Formation of outpouching hollow sacs throughout the intestinal wall,

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19
Q

Signs and symptoms
“POUCH”

A

Pain (LLQ)
Observed bleeding
Unrelenting cramps
C
High temp

20
Q

Intracranial pressure
Signs & Symptoms
“ mind crushed”y

A

• M = mental status change
• I = increased breathing (chrome stokes)
• N =Nerve optic and oculomotor
• D = Decerebrate or decorticate

21
Q

TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
7S’s of intervention/education

A

• S = Sucking pacifier ( to keep baby calm)
• S = Skin to skin ( to keep baby calm)
• S = Swaddle (to keep baby calm)
• S = Stress or
• S = Squat ( relieve cyanotic tet spells)
• S = Small frequent meals (to keep baby calm)
• S = Surgery

22
Q

HYPOPARATHYROIDISM
Hypocalcemia
“HATR”

A

• H = Hypomagnesemia
• A = Autoimmune
• T = Thyroidectomy
• R = Radiation

23
Q

HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Hypercalcemia
“DRT”

A

• D= Decreased Ca+ absorption
• R= Renal Failure
• T= Tumor ( Adenoma & Malignant)

24
Q

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
“AEIOU”

A

A = Acidemia
E = Electrolye imbalances
I = Intoxication
O= Overload of fluids
U= Uremia

25
Q

CELIAC DISORDER
Signs & Symptoms
“ Malnourished “

A

M = Mouth ulcers
A = Anemia
L. = Lactose intolerance
N = Nausea/vomiting
O = Osteo changes (thinning, fx)
U = Unexplained slow growth/puberty
R = Rashes ( Dermatitis Herpetiformis)
I = Irregular periods, irritable
S = Stool greasy and odorous
H
E
D = Diarrhea

26
Q

DISEQUILIBRIUM SYNDROME
Signs & symptoms

A

• Restlessness
• vomiting
•

27
Q

NO NO’s for Dialysis

A

• No BP on arm with fistula
• No restricted clothing or jewelry
• No creams or lotions
• No sleeping on arm

28
Q

SEIZURES

A

CAUSES
• Fever
• Etoh w/drawal
• hypoglycemia
• CNS infection ( bacterial meningitis)

•

29
Q

SEIZURES IRISK FACTORS
“STOP SEIZURES “

A

• Stress
• Trauma
• Over exerted easily
• Pregnancy and periods

• Sleep loss
• Electrolyte imbalances
• Illness
• visualiZations distrurbances
• Under-medicated
• Recreational drugs
• Etoh (alcohol withdrawals

30
Q

INTERVENTIONS for ICP
“PRESSURE”

A

P = position HOB @ 30-35 degrees
• No flexion of Neck & HIP
R = resp.

31
Q

RISK FACTORS OF
Cholethiasis
6F’s

A

• Family Hx
• Fair (skin tone)
• Female
• Fertile
• Fat (BMI greater than 30)
• Forty (greater than 40)

32
Q

APPENDICITIS

A

• inflammation of the appendix
Signs & Symptoms

• A = abdominal pain
• P = point of McBurneys
• P =
• E = elevated temperature
• N = nausea and vomiting
• D = desire to be in fetal position
• I = Increased WBC’s
• eXperience rebound gas

33
Q

RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS
“DEPRESS”

A

• Drugs ( opioids morphine fentanyl) sedatives. Diseases of the Neuromuscular
System such as Myasthenia Gravis and Guillen Barre’ syndrome.
• Edema fluid in the lungs
• Pneumonia
• Respiratory depression
• Emboli can block pulmonary artery
• Spasm
• S acs elasticity damaged

34
Q

RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS
“Tachypnea”

A

CAUSES:
• Expelling to much CO2.from the lungs
• Temperature increased in the body (fever)
• Aspirin toxicity: Too much aspirin
•cControlled mechanical ventilation
• Hyperventilating
• hYsteria (anxiety) causing hyperventilation
• Nausea & vomiting
•

35
Q

OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA)

A

Is a form of arthritis that in which the deterioration of the articular cartilage.

36
Q

Signs & symptoms
OSTEO

A

• O= Outgrowths bony
- Herberden & Bausch
• S = Sunrise stiffness less than 30 min.
• T = Tenderness of joint site, bone spurs
• Experience “crepitus” grating
• Only the joint NOT systemic
- No fever & no anemia

37
Q

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

A

• is a form of arthritis that is attacking the Synovium

38
Q

Signs and symptoms
(RA)
7 S’s

A

• Swelling
• Sunrise stiffness greater than 30 min
• Symmetrical
• Systemic
• soft tender joint
• Stages ( synovitis, paninis, ankylosis
• Synovium inflamed

39
Q

OSTEOPOROSIS

A

Disease that thins the bone to the point it can’t withstand normal stress

40
Q

ALZHEIMER DISORDER

A

• chronic brain disorder that is a type of Dementia

41
Q

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
“ACIDOTIC”

A

• A spirin toxicity
• Carbs not metabolize
• Insufficiency of kidneys
• Diarrhea
• Ostomy care
• Tula care same as ostomy
• I
• Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

42
Q

PLACENTA PREVIA
“PREVIA”

A

P• Painless Bright red bleeding
R• Relaxed soft non tender uterus
E• Episodes of bleeding
V• Visible bleeding
I • Intercourse post bleeding
A• Abnormal fetal position

43
Q

ABRUPTIO PLACENTA
“DETACHED”

A

D•Dark red bleeding
E• Extended fundal height
T• Tender uterus
A• Abd. pain & contractions
C• Concealed bleeding
H• Hard abdomen
E• Experience D.I.C
D• Distressed Baby

44
Q

DIABETES INSIPIDUS
7D’s

A

• Dry Inside
• Drinking a lot ( increased thirst)
• Desmopressin
• Death by HA (low sodium)
• Dehydrated ( increased BP)
• Drain urine
• Diluted urine (hypernatremia)

45
Q

PANCREATITIS
“Risk Factors”
GATE

A

• Gall stones
• Alcohol
• Trauma
• ERCP

Procedures (16 decks)

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