Pathological fundoscopy Flashcards
What is seen in background retinopathy?
Microaneurysms
Blot/dot haemorrhages
What is seen in preproliferative retinopathy?
Hard exudates (yellow) Cotton wool spots (fluffy, white)
What is seen in proliferative retinopathy?
Neovascularisation
Advanced retinopathy
Vitrious pretinal haemorrahge
Retinal dtetachment
Grade 1 htn
Generalised arterial narrowing
What is malignant htn?
Presents with grade 3/4
headaches, eye pain, visual acuity, focal neuro deficits
What is cupping?
irreversible loss of nerve fibre, resulting in cup to disc ratio of more than 0.3
What might cause cupping?
Glaucoma
What is papillooedema?
Optic nerve swelling, hence there is no defniition around teh edge
Causes of papilloedema
Anything that increases IOP Space occupying lesion Optic neuritis (MS) Malignant HTN Uveitis (TB/sarcoidosis)
What is optic nerve atrophy caused by?
Primary
- inflammation e.g. optic neuritis, glaucoma, retinal ischemia
Secondary?
longstanding papilloedema?
What is central retinal artery occlusion and how does it present?
Sudden loss of vision due to emboli or bvasculitis
What sign is associated with central retinal artery occlusion
Cherry red spot
What is central retinal artery occlusion and how does it present?
Atherosclerosis in artery causing compression of vein, retinal hypoxia, endothelial cell damage, blood leakage
What sign is associated with central retinal vein occlusion
Stormy sky
