Pathological anatomy part 4 Flashcards
- Chronic ? virus hepatitis is characterized by:
- Peripheral inflammation
- damage of parenchyma of liver and proliferation of connective tissue
- development of ?
- A+B
- A+B+C
A+B+C
- Ethanol consumption can cause:
- Steatosis
- liver cirrhosis
- autoimmune hepatitis?
- A+B
A+B
- may Wilsons disease appears in childhood:
- yes, may appear
- no
Yes, may appear
- Liver cirrhosis is characterized by:
- nodular structure of liver
- diffuse liver damage
- focal liver damage
- a+b
A+B
- Liver cirrhosis can be caused by:
- primary sclerosing cholangitis
- ethanol consumption
- chronic viral hepatitis C
- b+c
- a+b+c
B+C
- The most common malignant tumor of the liver (at all ages) is:
- liver adenoma
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- secondary (metastatic) tumor
Secondary (metastatic tumor)
- The most common malignant tumor of the liver at the age of 5 is:
- cholangiocarcinoma
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- hepatoblastoma
Hepatoblastoma
- in immunohistochemistry helpful for the diagnosis of primary tumor origin from liver metastasis?
- yes
- no
Yes
- Chronic cholecystitis usually occurs in the setting of:
- stones of gall bladder
- chronic hepatitis
- congenital anomalies of gall bladder
Stones of gall bladder
- The patterns of gall bladder carcinoma growth is:
- invasive
- expansive
Invasive
- Virus infection as a reason for acute pancreatitis:
- No it is not possible
- Yes it is possible in young people
- Yes it is possible in old patients
Yes it is possible in young people
- During severe acute pancreatitis there is present:
- only oedema of pancreatic tissue
- necrosis of pancreatic tissue
- ? of peripancreatic, mesenteric and in tissue of (omentum)?
Of peripancreatic, mesenteric and in tissue of omentum
- During evaluation of “N feature” (TNM classification) of pancreatic carcinoma anybody has to take into consideration:
- age of patient
- invasion of carcinoma into surrounding tissue and organs (peripancreatic tissue, duodenum, stomach etc.)
- presence of metastasis into lymph nodes
Presence of metastasis into lymph nodes
- Achalasia of esophagus:
- epithelia of metaplasia in the distal part of the esophagus
- disturbances of neural innervations in the distal part of esophagus
- dilatations of esophageal veins
Distuebances of neural innervations in the distal part of esophagus
- Manifestations of Mallory-weiss syndrome are:
- formation of esophageal diverticula
- longitudinal tears at the esophagogastric junction
- bleeding
- A+C
- B+C
B+C
- Barrets esophagus is clinically severe situations due to :
- ?
- Increased risk of malignization
- formation of hiatal hernia
Increased risk of malignization
- The most severe complication of esophageal varices is:
- obstruction of esophageal lumen
- increased risk for malignant tumor
- Massive hemorrhage
Massive hemorrhage
- evaluating the feature “T” (in TNM system) of esophageal cancer, there has to be taken into consideration
- histological type and grade of tumor
- diameter of tumor
- the depth of invasion into the layers of esophageal wall
The depth of invasion into the layers of esophageal wall
- Possible complication of large bowel diverticulas include the following:
- diverticulitis
- obstruction of intestines
- celiac disease
- B+C
- A+B
A+B
- adenomoa of large intestines are:
- benign tumors without malignisization possibilities
- Malignant tumors
- benign tumors with malignizisation possibilities
Benign tumors with malignization possibilities
- Colorectal cancer usually is:
- lymphoma
- adenocarcinoma
- squamous cell cancer
Adenocarcinoma
- Hirschsprungs disease is characterized by:
- ? After surgery
- Congenital ? is a part of the disease
- functional obstruction
- colonic dilatation ….?
- B+C+D
- A+C+D
Functional obstruction
- Main causes of acute gastritis are:
- NSAIDS
- Alcohol
- Stress, surgical operations etc
- A+B+C
A+B+C
- Chronic gastritis is characterized by:
- infiltration of gastric mucosa with lymphocytes and plasma cells
- transmural inflammation of ? wall
- formation of gastric lymph…?
- A+B
- A+C
A+C
- Complications of peptic ulcer are:
- bleeding
- perfusion
- arterial hypertension
- A+B
- A+B+C
A+B
- Morphology of acute (phlegmonous?) appendicitis is characterized by:
- granulomatous inflammation
- purulent inflammation with a lot of ?
- innervation disturbances of appendix
- B+C
Purulent inflammation with a lot of
- Colorectal cancer which —? Characterized as:
- T1
- T3
- T4
- N1
- M1
T4
- Basic components of pathogenesis of hemochromatosis are:
- rapid development of atheroclresosis
- formation of fibrosis
- iron’s toxic action on hepatocytes
- A+B
- B+C
B+C
- Complication of stones in gall bladder are:
- formation of stones in renal pelvis
- obstructive icterus
- A+B
Obstructive icterus
- Complication of histal hernia are:
- local ulcer
- bleeding
- formation of diverticulas
- A+B
A+B
- Causes of intestinal infarction are:
- thrombosis of mesenteric arteries in case of atherosclerosis
- carcinoma of colon transverses
- enteritis in case of typhoid fever
Thrombosis of mesenteric arteries in case of atherosclerosis
- The location of primary melanoma may be:
- skin
- anorectal mucosa
- ovarium
- A+B
- A+C
- B+C
A+B
- Which type of growth of melanoma is evaluated by Clarks classification:
- Radial growth
- Vertical growth
- Both
Vertical growth
- Lipoma is :
- Benign tumor of myocytes
- Malignant tumor of myocytes
- Benign tumor of adipocytes
- malignant tumor of adipocytes
Benign tumor of adipocytes
- During palpation lipma is :
- soft, fluctuating nodules
- soft mobile nodule
- firm, smooth nodule
Soft mobile nodule
- Typical sites of leiomyoma localization of:
- Skin
- uterus
- retroperitoneum
- A+B
- B+C
- A+C
Uterus
- Tumor in which atypical cells produce bone matrix is called:
- Osteoma
- osteosarcoma
- Chrondroma
- Chondrosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
- Gastrointestinal ? expresses the following:
- S-100
- CD 117
- D..?
- A+B
- B+C
A+B
49Find out tumors arising from vessels:
- lymphoma
- angioma
- kapocis sarcoma
- a long fucking word starting with an “H”
- A+B+C
- B+C+D
B+C+D
- Secondary ( metastatic) chondrosarcoma is developed in the liver. Where can primary tumor be localized?
- in fat tissue
- ribs
- congenital nervous system
- tongue
IN ribs
1 The biopsy from an ulcerated, irregular mass in the oesophagus yields atypical squamous epithelium exhibiting intercellular bridges and irrevasive growth. Your diagnosis!
a oesophagitis with an inflammatory ulcer
b oesophageal adenocarcinoma
c squamous cell cancer
d barret´s oesophagus
Squamous cell cancer
2 malignant epithelial tumour with glandular differentiation is a squamous cell cancer b adenocarcinoma c gastrointestinal stromal tumour d adenoma
Adenocarcinoma
3 T parameter in the oesophageal cancer is defined by
a the largest diameter of tumour measured in cm
b the depth of invasion into oesophageal wall layers
c the presence of liver metastasis
The depth of invasion into esophageal wall layers
4 N parameter in gastric cancer characteristises
a the local spread of the tumour
b the invasion into serosa
c the presence of metastases in the regional lymph nodes
d presence of distant metastases
The presence of metastases in the regional lymph nodes
5 congenital hypertrophic pylorostenosis manifests
a immediately after birth (during the 1st day of life)
b in the 2nd - 3rd week of life
c in the 2nd - 3rd year of life
d in the adulthood
In the 2nd-3rd week of life
6 Helicobacter pylori can cause a chronic gastritis b peptic ulcer c gastric MALT lymphoma d A+B e B+C f A+C G A+B+C
A+B+C
7 development of gastritis can be enhanced by the following factors
a ammonia (NH3) production by helicobacter pylori
b decreased cell proliferation due to allcohol use
c compromised blood circulation in an elderly person
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C
A+B
8 in chronic gastritis the following morphological changes develop in gastric mucosa a infiltration of lymphocytes and plasmocytes in the gastric mucosa b granulomas c lymphoid follicles d A+B e B+C f A+C g A+B+C
A+B+C
9 in the chronic gastritis, the following epithelial changes can develop in gastric mucosa a epithelial regeneration b epithelial metaplasia and dysplasia c glandular atrophy d A+B eB+C f A+C g A+B+C
A+B+C
10 Which tissue layers are present in an active gastric ulcer a necrosis b adenocarcinoma c granulations d A+B e B+C f A+C g A+B+C
A+C
11 Which of the following is / are diffuse liver lesions a liver haemangioma b primary billiary cirrhosis c autoimmune hepatitis d A+B e B+C f A+C g A+B+C
B+C
12 A 64 years old lady has marked jaundice. In the biopsy, non purulent inflammatory destruction medium size (40-80mkm in diameter) portal ducts in found. Antimitochondrial antibodies identified in her blood. Your diagnosis: A chronic viral hepatitis C b liver steatosis c primary biliary cirrhosis d hepatocellular carcinoma
Primary biliary cirrhosis
13 Ethanol intake can cause a liver steatosis b liver cirrhosis c development of Mallory bodies d A+B e B+C f A+C g A+B+C
A+B+C
14 the main morphological characteristics of liver cirrhosis include
a presence of lymphoid folliclles?
B disruption of the architecture of the …. liver
c ……hepatocyte nodules …….between bridging fibrous septa
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C
B+C
15 The clinical consequences of portal hypertension are a ascitis b primary sclerosing colangitis c overloaded and distented portosystemic venous shunts in haemorrhoidal and oesophagogastric venous plexus d A+B e B+C f A+C g A+B+C
A+C
16 the risk factors of cholesterol stones include a increased exposure to estrogens b obesity c bile infections d A+B e B+C f A+C g A+B+C
A+B
17 the risk of pigment stones include a clofibrate use b metabolic syndrome c hemolysis d A+B e B+C f A+C g A+B+C
Hemolysis
18 Acute cholecystitis mostly is associated with
a acute gastritis
b gall stones
c diabetes mellitus
Gall stones
19 The crucial event in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis is
a purulent inflammation
b autodigestion of the gland by inappropriately activated pancreatic enzymes
c untreated long lasting diabetes mellitus
Autodigestion of the gland by inappropriately activated pancreatic enzymes
20 the most frequent risk of acute pancreatitis include a atherosclerosis b gall stones c ethanol use d A+B e B+C f A+C g A+B+C
B+C
21 The risk factors of gastric cancer include a helicobacter pylori infection b lack of fresh vegetables and fruits c high socio- economic status d A+B e B+C f A+C g A+B+C
A+B
22 the risk of gastric cancer is increased in the following genetic syndrome
a hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
b hereditary breast ovarian cancer
c gastric cancer is not associated by any hereditary cancer sysndrome
Hereditary diffuse gastric caner
23 in an endoscopic biopsy from oesophageal mucosa, intraepithelial eosinophilic leukocyte infiltration, basal hyperplasia and elongated papillae with dilated capillaries are found. Your diagnosis a normal mucosa b cancer c lymphoma d reflux oesophagitis
Reflux oesophagitis
24 Characteristic types of gastric cancer are
a adenocarcinoma, melanoma and squamous cell cancer
b adenocarcinoma and signet cell cancer
c clear cell cancer and squamous cell cancer
Adenocarcinoma and signet cell cancer
25 endoscopic biopsy from small intestinal mucosa yields villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia and a high number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) 65 IEL/ 100 epithelial cells. Your diagnosis a carcinoma b lymphoma c celiac disease d purulent inflammation
Celiac disease
26 which is the most appropriate characteristics of the frequency of Meckel´s diverticulum
a very rare disease with the frequent 0.2 % of population
b present in 2% of population and is freuquenlty asymptomatic
c component of normal gut anatomy (100%
Present in 2% of populations and is frequently asymptomatic
27 the complication of Meckel´s diverticulum include a inflammation b malignisation c invagination d A+B e B+C f A+C g A+B+C
A+C
28 Which intestinal disease is characterised by transmural inflammation, presence of granuloma sharply demarcated damage intestinal areas presence of deep fissures and / or fistula a ulcerous colitis b crohn´s disease c microscopic colitis d purulent appendicitis
Crohn’s disease
29 the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease involve the following mechanisms a genetic predisposition b disturbed gut barrier function c pathological T -cell reactions d A+B e B+C f A+C g A+B+C
A+B+C
30 Pseudomembranous colitis is caused by
a malrotation of the intestine
b clostridium difficile in a patient receive …. treatment
c chronic pancreatitis
Clostridium difficile in a patient receive…treatment.
31 heamorrhoids are
a pathological intestinal saccular …..with lumen, mucosa and connection with the intestinal lumen
b varicose ectensions of anal and perianal canal
c benign tumour in the anal area
Varicose extensions of anal and perianal canal
32 the pathogenesis of acquired coloonic diverticula include the following key points
a focal weakness of intestinal wall
b increased pressure in the intestinal lumen
c inappropriate use of antibiotics treatment
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C
A+B
33 Colorectal adenoma is
a benign tumor without the risk of maliginasation
b benign tumor with substantial risk of malignisation
c malignant tumor
Benign tumor with the substantial risk of malignisation
34 the risk of malignisation in the hyerplastic colorectal polyp is
a high
b moderate
c absent
absent
35 which colorectal adenoma has the highest risk of malignisation
a hyperplastic polyp measuring 0,7 cm
b tubular adenoma measuring 1 cm in diameter and showing low grade dysplasia
c villous adenoma measuring 4 cm in diameter and showing high grade dysplasia
d colorectal andenocarcinoma
Villous adenoma measuring 4 cm in diameter and showing high grade dysplasia
36 the risk of colorectal cancer in a patient affected by familial adenocarcinoma polyposis (FAP) is
a low 1%
b moderately high 50%
c high 100%
High 100%
37 the risk of colorectal cancer is higher in a western countries b persons whose diet contains high amount of refined carbohydrates and fat but low amount of fibers c obese persons (maybe all???) d A+B e B+C f A+C g A+B+C
Obese persons(maybe all)
38 gastrointestinal stromal tumours /GIST´S) develop from a epithelium b smooth muscle c lymphocytes d cajal cells
Cajal cells
39 Which of the following is / are focal liver lesions a hepatocellular carcinoma b liver steatosis c chronic active hepatitis B d A+B e B+C f A+C g A+B+C
Hepatocellular carcinoma
40 The prognosis of pancreatic cancer is
a beneficial 5 year survival is 95´96%
b moderate 5 year survival is 50-60%
c small 5 year survival is 5-15%
Small 5 year survival is 5-15%
41 If part of the oesophagus in the newborn child is replaced by a thin, non-canalized fibrous cord, causing complete mechanical obstruction, the diagnosis is a oesophageal tumours b oesophagitis c crohn´s disease of the oesophagus d oesophageal atresia
Oesophageal atresia
42 achalasia is characterised by
a incomplete relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter upon passage of food
b disturbance of neuronal function in distal oesophagus
c possible development of such complication as oesophagitis, squamous cell cancer or aspiration
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C
A+B+C
43 Mallory Weiss syndrom is characterised by
a longitudinal lacerations in the gastrooesophageal or gastric cardiac mucosa or submucosa
b bleeding after prolonged, repeated vomitting
c high death risk
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C
Longitudinal lacerations in the gastrooesophageal or gastric cardiac mucosa or submucosa
44 varicose oesophageal veins develop mainly in patients with a oesophagitis b metastasis oesophageal tumour c portal hypertension d phlegmonous appendicitis
Portal hypertension
45 in the bleeding from varicose oesophaeal veins life-threatening
a yes, the death rate is 50%
b no, the death rate is 1 %
Yes, the death rate is 50%
46 The most frequent cause of oesophagitis is a irritations b reflux of gastric juice c chronic infection? D chronic kidney disease
Reflux of gastric juice
47 the risk of reflux oesophagitis is increased by a pregnancy b alcohol and smoking c axial sliding hiatal hernia d A+B e B+C f A+C g A+B+C
A+B+C
48 Barrett´s oesophagus is clinically important due to
a frequent and severe bleeding
b increased risk of adenocarcinoma
c immunosuppression
Increased risk of adenocarcinoma
49 inborn aganglionosis of the rectum results in a appendicitis b hirschsprung disease c diverticulosis d inflammatory bowel disease
Hirschrpung disease
50 the risk of oesophageal squamous cell cancer a nitrites, nitrosamines or mold products in … b helicobacter pylori infection c burning hot food dishes d A+B e B+C f A+C g A+B+C
A+C
