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Pathology > Pathological anatomy part 4 > Flashcards

Pathological anatomy part 4 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Chronic ? virus hepatitis is characterized by:
    - Peripheral inflammation
    - damage of parenchyma of liver and proliferation of connective tissue
    - development of ?
    - A+B
    - A+B+C
A

A+B+C

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2
Q
  1. Ethanol consumption can cause:
    - Steatosis
    - liver cirrhosis
    - autoimmune hepatitis?
    - A+B
A

A+B

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3
Q
  1. may Wilsons disease appears in childhood:
    - yes, may appear
    - no
A

Yes, may appear

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4
Q
  1. Liver cirrhosis is characterized by:
    - nodular structure of liver
    - diffuse liver damage
    - focal liver damage
    - a+b
A

A+B

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5
Q
  1. Liver cirrhosis can be caused by:
    - primary sclerosing cholangitis
    - ethanol consumption
    - chronic viral hepatitis C
    - b+c
    - a+b+c
A

B+C

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6
Q
  1. The most common malignant tumor of the liver (at all ages) is:
    - liver adenoma
    - hepatocellular carcinoma
    - secondary (metastatic) tumor
A

Secondary (metastatic tumor)

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7
Q
  1. The most common malignant tumor of the liver at the age of 5 is:
    - cholangiocarcinoma
    - hepatocellular carcinoma
    - hepatoblastoma
A

Hepatoblastoma

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8
Q
  1. in immunohistochemistry helpful for the diagnosis of primary tumor origin from liver metastasis?
    - yes
    - no
A

Yes

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9
Q
  1. Chronic cholecystitis usually occurs in the setting of:
    - stones of gall bladder
    - chronic hepatitis
    - congenital anomalies of gall bladder
A

Stones of gall bladder

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10
Q
  1. The patterns of gall bladder carcinoma growth is:
    - invasive
    - expansive
A

Invasive

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11
Q
  1. Virus infection as a reason for acute pancreatitis:
    - No it is not possible
    - Yes it is possible in young people
    - Yes it is possible in old patients
A

Yes it is possible in young people

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12
Q
  1. During severe acute pancreatitis there is present:
    - only oedema of pancreatic tissue
    - necrosis of pancreatic tissue
    - ? of peripancreatic, mesenteric and in tissue of (omentum)?
A

Of peripancreatic, mesenteric and in tissue of omentum

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13
Q
  1. During evaluation of “N feature” (TNM classification) of pancreatic carcinoma anybody has to take into consideration:
    - age of patient
    - invasion of carcinoma into surrounding tissue and organs (peripancreatic tissue, duodenum, stomach etc.)
    - presence of metastasis into lymph nodes
A

Presence of metastasis into lymph nodes

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14
Q
  1. Achalasia of esophagus:
    - epithelia of metaplasia in the distal part of the esophagus
    - disturbances of neural innervations in the distal part of esophagus
    - dilatations of esophageal veins
A

Distuebances of neural innervations in the distal part of esophagus

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15
Q
  1. Manifestations of Mallory-weiss syndrome are:
    - formation of esophageal diverticula
    - longitudinal tears at the esophagogastric junction
    - bleeding
    - A+C
    - B+C
A

B+C

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16
Q
  1. Barrets esophagus is clinically severe situations due to :
    - ?
    - Increased risk of malignization
    - formation of hiatal hernia
A

Increased risk of malignization

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17
Q
  1. The most severe complication of esophageal varices is:
    - obstruction of esophageal lumen
    - increased risk for malignant tumor
    - Massive hemorrhage
A

Massive hemorrhage

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18
Q
  1. evaluating the feature “T” (in TNM system) of esophageal cancer, there has to be taken into consideration
    - histological type and grade of tumor
    - diameter of tumor
    - the depth of invasion into the layers of esophageal wall
A

The depth of invasion into the layers of esophageal wall

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19
Q
  1. Possible complication of large bowel diverticulas include the following:
    - diverticulitis
    - obstruction of intestines
    - celiac disease
    - B+C
    - A+B
A

A+B

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20
Q
  1. adenomoa of large intestines are:
    - benign tumors without malignisization possibilities
    - Malignant tumors
    - benign tumors with malignizisation possibilities
A

Benign tumors with malignization possibilities

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21
Q
  1. Colorectal cancer usually is:
    - lymphoma
    - adenocarcinoma
    - squamous cell cancer
A

Adenocarcinoma

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22
Q
  1. Hirschsprungs disease is characterized by:
    - ? After surgery
    - Congenital ? is a part of the disease
    - functional obstruction
    - colonic dilatation ….?
    - B+C+D
    - A+C+D
A

Functional obstruction

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23
Q
  1. Main causes of acute gastritis are:
    - NSAIDS
    - Alcohol
    - Stress, surgical operations etc
    - A+B+C
A

A+B+C

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24
Q
  1. Chronic gastritis is characterized by:
    - infiltration of gastric mucosa with lymphocytes and plasma cells
    - transmural inflammation of ? wall
    - formation of gastric lymph…?
    - A+B
    - A+C
A

A+C

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25
Q
  1. Complications of peptic ulcer are:
    - bleeding
    - perfusion
    - arterial hypertension
    - A+B
    - A+B+C
A

A+B

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26
Q
  1. Morphology of acute (phlegmonous?) appendicitis is characterized by:
    - granulomatous inflammation
    - purulent inflammation with a lot of ?
    - innervation disturbances of appendix
    - B+C
A

Purulent inflammation with a lot of

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27
Q
  1. Colorectal cancer which —? Characterized as:
    - T1
    - T3
    - T4
    - N1
    - M1
A

T4

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28
Q
  1. Basic components of pathogenesis of hemochromatosis are:
    - rapid development of atheroclresosis
    - formation of fibrosis
    - iron’s toxic action on hepatocytes
    - A+B
    - B+C
A

B+C

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29
Q
  1. Complication of stones in gall bladder are:
    - formation of stones in renal pelvis
    - obstructive icterus
    - A+B
A

Obstructive icterus

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30
Q
  1. Complication of histal hernia are:
    - local ulcer
    - bleeding
    - formation of diverticulas
    - A+B
A

A+B

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31
Q
  1. Causes of intestinal infarction are:
    - thrombosis of mesenteric arteries in case of atherosclerosis
    - carcinoma of colon transverses
    - enteritis in case of typhoid fever
A

Thrombosis of mesenteric arteries in case of atherosclerosis

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32
Q
  1. The location of primary melanoma may be:
    - skin
    - anorectal mucosa
    - ovarium
    - A+B
    - A+C
    - B+C
A

A+B

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33
Q
  1. Which type of growth of melanoma is evaluated by Clarks classification:
    - Radial growth
    - Vertical growth
    - Both
A

Vertical growth

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34
Q
  1. Lipoma is :
    - Benign tumor of myocytes
    - Malignant tumor of myocytes
    - Benign tumor of adipocytes
    - malignant tumor of adipocytes
A

Benign tumor of adipocytes

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35
Q
  1. During palpation lipma is :
    - soft, fluctuating nodules
    - soft mobile nodule
    - firm, smooth nodule
A

Soft mobile nodule

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36
Q
  1. Typical sites of leiomyoma localization of:
    - Skin
    - uterus
    - retroperitoneum
    - A+B
    - B+C
    - A+C
A

Uterus

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37
Q
  1. Tumor in which atypical cells produce bone matrix is called:
    - Osteoma
    - osteosarcoma
    - Chrondroma
    - Chondrosarcoma
A

Chondrosarcoma

38
Q
  1. Gastrointestinal ? expresses the following:
    - S-100
    - CD 117
    - D..?
    - A+B
    - B+C
A

A+B

39
Q

49Find out tumors arising from vessels:

  • lymphoma
  • angioma
  • kapocis sarcoma
  • a long fucking word starting with an “H”
  • A+B+C
  • B+C+D
A

B+C+D

40
Q
  1. Secondary ( metastatic) chondrosarcoma is developed in the liver. Where can primary tumor be localized?
    - in fat tissue
    - ribs
    - congenital nervous system
    - tongue
A

IN ribs

41
Q

1 The biopsy from an ulcerated, irregular mass in the oesophagus yields atypical squamous epithelium exhibiting intercellular bridges and irrevasive growth. Your diagnosis!
a oesophagitis with an inflammatory ulcer
b oesophageal adenocarcinoma
c squamous cell cancer
d barret´s oesophagus

A

Squamous cell cancer

42
Q 
2 malignant epithelial tumour with glandular differentiation is
a squamous cell cancer
b adenocarcinoma
c gastrointestinal stromal tumour
d adenoma
A

Adenocarcinoma

43
Q

3 T parameter in the oesophageal cancer is defined by
a the largest diameter of tumour measured in cm
b the depth of invasion into oesophageal wall layers
c the presence of liver metastasis

A

The depth of invasion into esophageal wall layers

44
Q

4 N parameter in gastric cancer characteristises
a the local spread of the tumour
b the invasion into serosa
c the presence of metastases in the regional lymph nodes
d presence of distant metastases

A

The presence of metastases in the regional lymph nodes

45
Q

5 congenital hypertrophic pylorostenosis manifests
a immediately after birth (during the 1st day of life)
b in the 2nd - 3rd week of life
c in the 2nd - 3rd year of life
d in the adulthood

A

In the 2nd-3rd week of life

46
Q 
6 Helicobacter pylori can cause
a chronic gastritis
b peptic ulcer
c gastric MALT lymphoma
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
G A+B+C
A

A+B+C

47
Q

7 development of gastritis can be enhanced by the following factors
a ammonia (NH3) production by helicobacter pylori
b decreased cell proliferation due to allcohol use
c compromised blood circulation in an elderly person
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C

A

A+B

48
Q 
8 in chronic gastritis the following morphological changes develop in gastric mucosa
a infiltration of lymphocytes and plasmocytes in the gastric mucosa
b granulomas
c lymphoid follicles
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C
A

A+B+C

49
Q 
9 in the chronic gastritis, the following epithelial changes can develop in gastric mucosa
a epithelial regeneration
b epithelial metaplasia and dysplasia
c glandular atrophy
d A+B
eB+C
f A+C
g A+B+C
A

A+B+C

50
Q 
10 Which tissue layers are present in an active gastric ulcer
a necrosis
b adenocarcinoma
c granulations
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C
A

A+C

51
Q 
11 Which of the following is / are diffuse liver lesions
a liver haemangioma
b primary billiary cirrhosis
c autoimmune hepatitis
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C
A

B+C

52
Q 
12 A 64 years old lady has marked jaundice. In the biopsy, non purulent inflammatory destruction medium size (40-80mkm in diameter) portal ducts in found. Antimitochondrial antibodies identified in her blood. Your diagnosis:
A chronic viral hepatitis C
b liver steatosis
c primary biliary cirrhosis
d hepatocellular carcinoma
A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

53
Q 
13 Ethanol intake can cause
a liver steatosis
b liver cirrhosis
c development of Mallory bodies
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C
A

A+B+C

54
Q

14 the main morphological characteristics of liver cirrhosis include
a presence of lymphoid folliclles?
B disruption of the architecture of the …. liver
c ……hepatocyte nodules …….between bridging fibrous septa
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C

A

B+C

55
Q 
15 The clinical consequences of portal hypertension are
a ascitis
b primary sclerosing colangitis
c overloaded and distented portosystemic venous shunts in haemorrhoidal and oesophagogastric venous plexus
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C
A

A+C

56
Q 
16 the risk factors of cholesterol stones include
a increased exposure  to estrogens
b obesity
c bile infections
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C
A

A+B

57
Q 
17 the risk of pigment stones include
a clofibrate use
b metabolic syndrome
c hemolysis
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C
A

Hemolysis

58
Q

18 Acute cholecystitis mostly is associated with
a acute gastritis
b gall stones
c diabetes mellitus

A

Gall stones

59
Q

19 The crucial event in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis is
a purulent inflammation
b autodigestion of the gland by inappropriately activated pancreatic enzymes
c untreated long lasting diabetes mellitus

A

Autodigestion of the gland by inappropriately activated pancreatic enzymes

60
Q 
20 the most frequent risk of acute pancreatitis include
a atherosclerosis
b gall stones
c ethanol use
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C
A

B+C

61
Q 
21 The risk factors of gastric cancer include
a helicobacter pylori infection
b lack of fresh vegetables and fruits
c high socio- economic status
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C
A

A+B

62
Q

22 the risk of gastric cancer is increased in the following genetic syndrome
a hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
b hereditary breast ovarian cancer
c gastric cancer is not associated by any hereditary cancer sysndrome

A

Hereditary diffuse gastric caner

63
Q 
23 in an endoscopic biopsy from oesophageal mucosa, intraepithelial eosinophilic leukocyte infiltration, basal hyperplasia and elongated papillae with dilated capillaries are found. Your diagnosis
a normal mucosa
b cancer
c lymphoma
d reflux oesophagitis
A

Reflux oesophagitis

64
Q

24 Characteristic types of gastric cancer are
a adenocarcinoma, melanoma and squamous cell cancer
b adenocarcinoma and signet cell cancer
c clear cell cancer and squamous cell cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma and signet cell cancer

65
Q 
25 endoscopic biopsy from small intestinal mucosa yields villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia and a high number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) 65 IEL/ 100 epithelial cells. Your diagnosis
a carcinoma
b lymphoma
c celiac disease
d purulent inflammation
A

Celiac disease

66
Q

26 which is the most appropriate characteristics of the frequency of Meckel´s diverticulum
a very rare disease with the frequent 0.2 % of population
b present in 2% of population and is freuquenlty asymptomatic
c component of normal gut anatomy (100%

A

Present in 2% of populations and is frequently asymptomatic

67
Q 
27 the complication of Meckel´s diverticulum include
a inflammation
b malignisation
c invagination
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C
A

A+C

68
Q 
28 Which intestinal disease is characterised by transmural inflammation, presence of granuloma sharply demarcated damage intestinal areas presence of deep fissures and / or fistula
a ulcerous colitis
b crohn´s disease
c microscopic colitis
d purulent appendicitis
A

Crohn’s disease

69
Q 
29 the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease involve the following mechanisms
a genetic predisposition
b disturbed gut barrier function
c pathological T -cell reactions
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C
A

A+B+C

70
Q

30 Pseudomembranous colitis is caused by
a malrotation of the intestine
b clostridium difficile in a patient receive …. treatment
c chronic pancreatitis

A

Clostridium difficile in a patient receive…treatment.

71
Q

31 heamorrhoids are
a pathological intestinal saccular …..with lumen, mucosa and connection with the intestinal lumen
b varicose ectensions of anal and perianal canal
c benign tumour in the anal area

A

Varicose extensions of anal and perianal canal

72
Q

32 the pathogenesis of acquired coloonic diverticula include the following key points
a focal weakness of intestinal wall
b increased pressure in the intestinal lumen
c inappropriate use of antibiotics treatment
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C

A

A+B

73
Q

33 Colorectal adenoma is
a benign tumor without the risk of maliginasation
b benign tumor with substantial risk of malignisation
c malignant tumor

A

Benign tumor with the substantial risk of malignisation

74
Q

34 the risk of malignisation in the hyerplastic colorectal polyp is
a high
b moderate
c absent

A

absent

75
Q

35 which colorectal adenoma has the highest risk of malignisation
a hyperplastic polyp measuring 0,7 cm
b tubular adenoma measuring 1 cm in diameter and showing low grade dysplasia
c villous adenoma measuring 4 cm in diameter and showing high grade dysplasia
d colorectal andenocarcinoma

A

Villous adenoma measuring 4 cm in diameter and showing high grade dysplasia

76
Q

36 the risk of colorectal cancer in a patient affected by familial adenocarcinoma polyposis (FAP) is
a low 1%
b moderately high 50%
c high 100%

A

High 100%

77
Q 
37 the risk of colorectal cancer is higher in
a western countries
b persons whose diet contains high amount of refined carbohydrates and fat but low amount of fibers
c obese persons (maybe all???)
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C
A

Obese persons(maybe all)

78
Q 
38 gastrointestinal stromal tumours /GIST´S) develop from
a epithelium
b smooth muscle
c lymphocytes
d cajal cells
A

Cajal cells

79
Q 
39 Which of the following is / are focal liver lesions
a hepatocellular carcinoma
b liver steatosis
c chronic active hepatitis B
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C
A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

80
Q

40 The prognosis of pancreatic cancer is
a beneficial 5 year survival is 95´96%
b moderate 5 year survival is 50-60%
c small 5 year survival is 5-15%

A

Small 5 year survival is 5-15%

81
Q 
41 If part of the oesophagus in the newborn child is replaced by a thin, non-canalized fibrous cord, causing complete mechanical obstruction, the diagnosis is
a oesophageal tumours
b oesophagitis
c crohn´s disease of the oesophagus
d oesophageal atresia
A

Oesophageal atresia

82
Q

42 achalasia is characterised by
a incomplete relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter upon passage of food
b disturbance of neuronal function in distal oesophagus
c possible development of such complication as oesophagitis, squamous cell cancer or aspiration
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C

A

A+B+C

83
Q

43 Mallory Weiss syndrom is characterised by
a longitudinal lacerations in the gastrooesophageal or gastric cardiac mucosa or submucosa
b bleeding after prolonged, repeated vomitting
c high death risk
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C

A

Longitudinal lacerations in the gastrooesophageal or gastric cardiac mucosa or submucosa

84
Q 
44 varicose oesophageal veins develop mainly in patients with
a oesophagitis
b metastasis oesophageal tumour
c portal hypertension
d phlegmonous appendicitis
A

Portal hypertension

85
Q

45 in the bleeding from varicose oesophaeal veins life-threatening
a yes, the death rate is 50%
b no, the death rate is 1 %

A

Yes, the death rate is 50%

86
Q 
46 The most frequent cause of oesophagitis is
a irritations
b reflux of gastric juice
c chronic infection?
D chronic kidney disease
A

Reflux of gastric juice

87
Q 
47 the risk of reflux oesophagitis is increased by
a pregnancy
b alcohol and smoking
c axial sliding hiatal hernia
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C
A

A+B+C

88
Q

48 Barrett´s oesophagus is clinically important due to
a frequent and severe bleeding
b increased risk of adenocarcinoma
c immunosuppression

A

Increased risk of adenocarcinoma

89
Q 
49 inborn aganglionosis of the rectum results in
a appendicitis
b hirschsprung disease
c diverticulosis
d inflammatory bowel disease
A

Hirschrpung disease

90
Q 
50 the risk of oesophageal squamous cell cancer
a nitrites, nitrosamines or mold products in …
b helicobacter pylori infection
c burning hot food dishes
d A+B
e B+C
f A+C
g A+B+C
A

A+C

Pathology (4 decks)

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