Pathological anatomy part 3 Flashcards by Laura Laura

Which course is typical for lobar pneumonia?
a) Rapid onset, severe course and resolution with crisis
b) Gradual development
c) Rapid onset but slow outcome

Rapid onset, severe course and resolution with crisis

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Stages of lobar pneumonia include
a) Congestion, red hepatisation and grey hepatisation
b) Bronchitis, congestion, red hepatisation and formation of abscess
c) Congestion, abscess and malignisation

Congestion, red hepatisation and grey hepatisation

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Bronchopneumonia usually affects
a) Whole lobe of lung
b) Multiple lobes or the whole lung
c) Separate foci in lungs

Separate foci in lungs

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Atypical pneumonitis is characterised by
a) Exudate in alveoli
b) Marked intoxication
c) Marked interstitial inflammation
d) A+B
e) B+C
f) A+C

Marked interstitial inflammation

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Complications of lobar pneumonia or bronchopneumonia may be
a) Formation of abscesses
b) Purulent pleuritis
c) Pulmonary thromboembolism
d) A+B
e) B+C
f) A+C
g) A+B+C

A+B

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Obstructive lung disease include
a) Chronic bronchitis
b) Atherosclerosis
c) Pneumoconiosis
d) A+B
e) B+C
f) A+C

Chronic bronchitis

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Characteristics of bronchiectasis are
a) Cylindrical or saccular dilatation of 3.-4 bronchi
b) …. Long term inflammation in the affected? bronchi
c) …. Of terminal airways due to fibrosis
e) B+C

B+C

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In case of chronic bronchitis, the following changes develop in the wall of the bronchus
a) Hyperplasia of submucosal glands
b) Transformation of bronchial gland acini from seromucous to mucous
c) Inflammation
d) A+B
e) B+C
f) A+B+C

A+B+C

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Definition “dilation of air spaces distal to terminal bronchiole which is caused by destruction or disappearance of alveolar septs” is
a) Chronic bronchitis
b) Lung emphysema
c) Pneumoconiosis
d) Lung infarction

Lung emphysema

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Types of lung emphysema are
a) Centroacinar
b) Bullous
c) Emphysema with alveolitis
d) A+B
e) A+C
f) A+B

A+B

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narrowing of airways in case of bronchial asthma are due to
a) Contraction of smooth muscles
b) Accumulation of dense mucous in the lumen of airways
c) Granulomatous inflammation in the wall of airways
d) A+B
e) A+B+C

A+B

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Sarcoidosis more commonly is diagnosed in
a) Children
b) Young adults
c) Persons older than 50 years of age

Young adults

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In case of sarcoidosis the following changes in tissue develop
a) Granulomatous inflammation without necrosis
b) Necrotising granulomatous inflammation
c) Infiltration with eosinophilic leucocytes
d) Purulent inflammation

Granulomatous inflammation without necrosis

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Smoking is risk factor for the following disease /diseases
a) Chronic bronchitis
b) Sarcoidosis
c) Alveolitis
d) A+B
e) B+C
f) A+C

A+C

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Which organs are typically affected by sarcoidosis?
a) Lungs
b) Lymph nodes of mediastinum and tracheal bifurcation
c) A + B

Lungs

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Reasons for exogenous allergic alveolitis is
a) Inhalation of organic dusts
b) Inhalation of mineral dusts
c) Circulation disturbances of lungs

Inhalation of organic dusts

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Expression of CD20 is characteristic of
a) B lymphocytes and B cell neoplasms
b) T lymphocytes and T cell neoplasms
c) Epithelial cells and carcinoma

B lymphocytes and B cell neoplasms

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Presence of Reed–Sternberg cells is diagnostic of
a) Acute leukaemia
b) Carcinoma
c) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
d) Hodgkin´s lymphoma

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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If hematologic neoplasm is suspected, immunohistochemical investigation of biopsy is
a) Mandatory in all cases
b) Necessary only in difficult cases

Mandatory in all cases

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Acute B cell lymphoblastic leukaemia / lymphoma typically develops
a) In children
b) In aged persons
c) In all age groups with the same frequency

In children

Hematologic tumour that has arisen in bone marrow is
a) Leukaemia
b) Lymphoma
c) Carcinoma
d) Sarcoma

Leukemia

Loss of lymph node architecture is characteristic of
a) Acute lymphadenitis
b) Lymphoid follicular hyperplasia
c) Hodgkin lymphoma
d) Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
e) A+B
f) C+D

C+D

Multiple myeloma is
a) Tumour of macrophages
b) Neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells
c) Multifocal leukemia

Neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells

Pathological factors of lung carcinoma are
a) Smoking
b) Obesity
c) Genetic factors
d) A+B
e) B+C
f) A+C
g) A+B+C

A+C

26. If person in contact with crystalline silica for a long time, his risk for lung carcinoma is a) The same as other inhabitants have b) Increased only in case if worker is smoker c) Increased

Increased

27. Systemic manifestations of lung carcinoma include a) Weight loss b) Endobronchial tumour growth pattern c) Weakness d) A+B e) B+C f) A+C g) A+B+C

A+C

28. Obstruction of bronchus may cause a) Distal atelectasis of lung tissues b) Pulmonary thromboembolism c) Pneumonia d) A+B e) A+C f) B+C

A+C

29. Which method of examination is necessary for the differential diagnosis between small cell carcinoma and non-small cell carcinoma? a) Anamnesis about smoking habits b) Computed tomography of thoracic cavity c) Biopsy of tumour with morphological examination of it????

Biopsy of tumor with morphological examination of it

30. Lung carcinoma which invades vertebra must be evaluated as a) T2 b) T3 c) T4 d) It is impossible

31. “T” of lung carcinoma is determined by a) Diameter of tumour b) Invasion into surrounded tissues / organs c) Histological type of tumour: Squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma d) A+B e) B+C f) A+C g) All mentioned

A+B

32. Haematogenous metastasis of lung carcinoma can develop in a) Liver b) Bones c) Mediastinal lymph nodes d) Brain e) A+B+C f) A+B+D g) B+C+D

A+B+D

33… tumour with glandular… a) Adenocarcinoma b) Adenoma c) Squamous cell carcinoma d) Glioblastoma

Adenocarcinoma

34. Growth pattern of small cell carcinoma is: a) Expansive b) Invasive

Invasive

35. Which type of lung carcinoma has very aggressive local invasion and early widespread metastasis in lymph nodes and organs? a) Lymphoma b) Small cell carcinoma c) Carcinoid d) Squamous cell cancer

Small cell carcinoma

36. Which type of metastatic spread is typical for bronchoalveolar cancer? a) Lymphogenous b) Haematogenous c) Aerogenous

Aerogenous

37. Nodule which is formed from overgrowth of different mature, normal tissues in abnormal proportions is called: a) Carcinoid b) Hamartoma c) Abscess d) Emphysema

Hamartoma

38. Pulmonary hamartomas more commonly arise at: a) 1st decade of childhood b) 6th decade of age

6th decade of age

39. Pulmonary hamartomas are characterized by: a) Benign clinics b) Widespread metastasis c) Transformation into sarcomas

Benign clinics

40. Secondary (metastatic) tumours of lungs can be like: a) Multiple subpleural nodules b) Solitary nodule c) Endobronchial nodule d) A+B e) A+C f) A+B+C

A+B+C

41. Is immunohistochemistry visualization helpful in the differentiation btw primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma and secondary adenocarcinoma from colorectal location? a) Usually yes b) No it is impossible

Usually yes

42. Cause of pleural empyema is: a) Bacterial infection b) Lung infarction c) Pneumoconiosis d) Lung oedema

Bacterial infection

43. The risk of pleural emphysema is higher in case of: a) Diabetes mellitus b) Lung surgery c) Bronchiectasis d) A+B e) B+C f) A+B+C

A+B+C

44. What type of lesions develop in pleura in case of pneumothorax? a) Eosinophilic pleuritis b) Marked hyperplasia of mesothelium c) Malignisation d) A+B e) B+C f) A+C

Eosinophilic pleuritis

45. Risk factors of mesothelioma are: a) Obesity b) Smoking c) Exposure to asbestos d) A+B e) B+C

Exposure to asbestos

46. Solitary fibrous pleural tumour is characterized by: a) Diffuse type of growth along pleural surface b) Isolated nodular type of growth d) A+B e) A+C c) Implantation metastasis in the sites of biopsies of thoracocentesis

Isolated nodular type of growth

47. If malignant tumour, located in pleura, is positive for calretinin (marker of mesothelium) but it does not contain CDX2 – typical for epithelium of colon, your diagnosis is: a) Metastasis of colorectal carcinoma b) Metastasis of lung carcinoma c) Mesothelioma d) Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Mesothelioma

48. Neuroendocrine tumour with low proliferation is: a) Adenocarcinoma b) Small cell carcinoma c) Carcinoid

Carcinoid

49. Which type of malignant tumour is most common for pleura? a) Metastasis b) Lymphoma c) Mesothelioma

Mesothelioma

50. Which factors may promote development of pneumonia? a) Coma b) Obstruction of bronchus by tumour c) Respiratory virus infection d) A+B e) B+C f) A+B+C

A+B+C