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Pathological Anatomy part 2 Flashcards

1
Q 
1. Cellular adaptation reactions include the following:
A) Necrosis
B) Inflammation
C) Hypertrophy
D)Apoptosis
A

Hypertrophy

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2
Q 
2. Cellular adaptation reaction defined as increased number of cells is:
A) Necrosis
B) Atrophy
C) Hyperplasia
D)Inflammation
A

Hyperplasia

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3
Q
  1. Metaplasia is:
    A) Increase in the number of cells
    B) Increase in the size of cells or organ
    C) Decrease in size and metabolic activity
    D)Replacement of adult cells by another adult cell type
A

Replacement of adult cells by another adult cell type

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4
Q 
4. Increased functional demands will cause:
A) Inflammation
B) Hypertrophy
C) Metaplasia
D)Atrophy
A

Hypertrophy

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5
Q 
5. Decreased blood flow cause:
E) Inflammation
F) Hypertrophy
G) Metaplasia
H) Atrophy
A

Atrophy

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6
Q
  1. Presence of lipofucin is an evidence of:
    A) Trophy occurring via mechanism of autophagy
    B) Inflammation
    C) Necrosis
    D)Metaplasia
A

Trophy ocurring via mechanism of autophagy

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7
Q 
7. The phases of apoptisis include the following:
A) Initiation phase
B) Necrosis phase
C) Execution phase
D) A+B
E) A+C
A

A+C

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8
Q 
8. Enzymes of caspase family participate in the:
A) Necrosis
B) Hypertrophy
C) Atrophy
D)Apoptosis
A

Apoptosis

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9
Q 
9. Which of the following pathologic processes involves intracellular accumulation of xxx?
A) Stenosis
B) Necrosis
C) Amthrosis
D)Amyloidosis
A

Stenosis

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10
Q 
10. Which of the following statements are correct reguarding dystrophic calcification:
A) The process is local
B) It occurs in abnormal tissues
C) The calcium level in blood is normal
D)All these statements are correct
A

All statements are correct

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11
Q
  1. The calcinosis in necrotic tissue is:
    A) Dystrophic
    B) Metastatic
A

Dystrophic

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12
Q
  1. Which pathologic process can result in oedema:
    A) Hypoproteinemia in nephrotic syndrome
    B) Increased hydrostatic pressure in cardiac failure
    C) Inflammation
    D)All these processes
A

All these processes

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13
Q
  1. Vichow’s triad include three primary abnormalities that lead to:
    A) Thrombus formation
    B) Inflammation
    C)Apoptosis
A

Thrombus formation

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14
Q
  1. The Virchow’s triad include:
    A) Alterations of blood flow
    B) Necrosis
    C)Apoptosis
A

Alterations of blood flow

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15
Q 
15. Which of the following blood flow types is associated with increased risk of thrombosis:
A) Laminar flow
B) Turbulence
C) Congestion
D) A + B
E) B + C
F) A + C
A

Turbulence

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16
Q
  1. The primary hypercoagulability is due to:
    A) Inherited mutations
    B) Inflammation
    C)Infarction
A

Inherited mutations

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17
Q
  1. Endothelial injury can be caused by:
    A) Ulcerations as in artherosclerotic plaque:
    B) Smoking
    C) A + B
A

A+B

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18
Q 
18. The “what-the-fuck?” of pulmonary “somefancyword” include:
A) Sudden death
B) Myocardial infarction
C) Lung infarction
D) A + B
E) B + C
F) A + C
A

A+C

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19
Q 
19. An area of ischemic necrosis caused by occlusion of either the arterial supply or the venous drainage in a particular tissue is:
A) Oedema
B) Infarction
C) Embolus
D)Air embolus
A

Infarction

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20
Q
  1. The infarction in solid organs with end-arterial circulation (heart, spleen, kidney) typically is:
    A) Red
    B) White
    C)Mycotic
A

White

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21
Q
  1. The lung infarction usually is:
    A) Red
    B) White
    C)Mycotic
A

Red

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22
Q 
22. Which properties are typical for benign tumors:
A) A local expansile growth
B) Lymphogenous spread
C) Haematogenous metastatis:
D) A + B
E) B + C
F) A + C
A

A local expansile growth

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23
Q
  1. Haematogenous metastasis of different tumours frequently affect:
    A) Heart
    B) Aorta
    C)Lungs
A

Lungs

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24
Q 
24. Adenoma is:
A) Benign epithelial tumor
B) Malignant epithelial tumor
C) Benign mesenchymal tumor
D)Malignant mesenchymal tumor
A

Benign epithelial tumor

25
Q 
25. Malignant tumor arising from endothelium of blood vessels is called:
A) Osteoma
B) Ostesarcoma
C) Angiosarcoma
D)Leiomyosarcoma
A

Angiosarcoma

26
Q 
26. Chondrosarcoma is:
A) Benign fat cell tumor
B) Malignant fat cell tumor
C) Benign bone-forming tumor
D)Malignant tumor of chondrocytes
A

Malignant tumor of chondrocytes

27
Q
  1. Can adenocarcinoma give rise to hematogenous metastases? A) Yes, this is possible
    B) No, this is not possible
A

Yes, this is possible

28
Q 
28. The ability of neoplastic cells to “dosomething” the cell of origin is called:
A) Differentiation
B) Implication?
C) Metastasis
D)	Necrosis
A

Differentiation

29
Q
  1. The morphologic signs of neoplasia includes the following:
    A) Increased nucleo-cytoplasmic something
    B) Atypical something
    C) Plaxxxmorphism + something more fancy
    D) All these are correct!
A

All these are correct

30
Q
  1. Invasive growth is typical for:
    A) Benign tumors
    B) Malignant tumors
    C) All tumors
A

Malignant tumors

31
Q 
31. Inflammation consist of:
A) Vascular reactions
B) Migration and activation of leukocytes
C) Systemic reactions
D) A + B?
E) B + C
F) A + C
32
Q 
32. The blood vessel permeability within the inflammatory process:
A) Increases
B) Decreases
C) Does not change
D)Depend on congestion only
33
Q 
33. In the inflammation, the rolling interaction between leukocytes and endothelium is mediated by:
A) Steanosis
B) Sirtuions
C) Selectins
D)Necrosis
34
Q 
34. In the inflammation, the leukocytes diapedis take place in:
A) Aorta
B) Muscular arteries
C) Postcapillary venules
D)Soft tissue
A

Postcapillary venules

35
Q 
35. The dominating cell type in most acute inflammations is:
A) Macrophage
B) Eosinophilic leukocytes
C) Lymphocyte
D)	Neutrophilic leukocytes
A

Neutrophilic leukocytes

36
Q 
36. The dominating cell type in most chronic inflammations is:
A) Macrophages
B) Eosinophilic  leukocyte
C) Lymphocyte
D)Neutrophilic leukocyte
A

Macrophages

37
Q 
37. Eosinophilic leukocyte is the dominating cell type in:
A) All acute inflammations
B) Allergic inflammations
C) All chronic inflammations
D)Tubercolosis
A

Allergic inflammations

38
Q 
38. The “mechanism?” of acute inflammation include:
A) Complete resolution
B) Progression to chronic inflammation
C) Healing by fibrosis
D)	All of these above mentioned.
A

All of these above mentioned

39
Q 
39. In purulent inflammation, the exudates is rich in:
A) Water
B) Neutrophils
C) Fibrinogen
D)	Blood
A

Neutrophils

40
Q
  1. Cytomegalovirus infections is characterized by:
    A) Purulent inflammation
    B) Cytopathic cytoproliferative inflammation?
    C) Necrotizing inflammation
    D) Phlegmonous inflammation
A

Cytopathic cytoproliferative inflammation

41
Q 
41. Gas gangrene is characterized by:
A) Purulent inflammation
B) Cytopathic cytoproliferative inflammation
C) Necrotizing inflammation
D)	Phlegmonous inflammation
A

Necrotizing inflammation

42
Q 
42. Which infection is characterized by myofibre necrosis in the myocardium, polyneuritis with degeneration of myelin sheats and axis cylinders and focal parenchymal necrosis in liver, kidney, adrenal gland?
A) Mumps
B) Measles
C) Diphteria
D)Tuberculosis
43
Q
  1. In tuberculosis, the typical manifistations in the tissue include:
    A) Purulent inflammation
    B) Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation
    C) Atrophy only
    D)Thrombosis only
A

Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation

44
Q 
44. In acute respiratory viral infections, the respiratory mucosa develops:
A) Congestion and oedema
B) Mononuclear cell infiltration
C) Bleeding
D) Hypertrophy
E) A + B
F) C + D
45
Q
  1. In TNM classification, the T parameter describes:
    A) The local growth of primary tumor
    B) The presence or absence of metastasis in regional lymph nodes
    C) The presence or absence of distant metastasis
A

The local growth of primary tumor

46
Q
  1. In TNM classification, the M parameter describes:
    A) The local growth of primary tumor
    B) The presence or absence or metastasis in regional lymph nodes
    C) The presence or absence of distant metastasis
A

The presence or absence of distant metastasis

47
Q
  1. The TNM classification is applied to characterize:
    A) A malignant tumor
    B) Benign tumors
    C) All tumors
A

A malignant tumor

48
Q
  1. The symptom complexes related to the cancer presence in the organism that cannot be explained by mass effects or elaboration of indigenous “normal” hormones are called:
    A) Metastases
    B) Paraneoplastic syndromes
    C) Inflammation
A

Paraneoplastic syndromes

49
Q 
50. Tumor implants discontinuous with the primary tumor are:
A) Metastases
B) Paraneoplastic syndromes/*
C) Inflammation
D A+B
E B+C
A

Metastases

50
Q
  1. Acute coronary heart disease includes:
    a) Myocarditis
    b) Endocarditis
    c) Myocardial infarction
A

Myocardial infarction

51
Q
  1. If amyloid is found in liver, it is:
    a) Local amyloidosis
    b) Systemic amyloidosis
A

Systemic amyloidosis

52
Q
  1. Atherosclerotic plaques affect:
    a) Elastic arteries and large muscular arteries
    b) Large veins
    c) Arterioles
A

Elastic arteries and large muscular arteries

53
Q
  1. Complications of myocardial infarction are:
    a) Atherosclerosis
    b) Atrophy of coronary arteries
    c) Left ventricular congestive failure
A

Left ventricular congestive failure

54
Q
  1. Hypertensive heart disease is characterized by:
    a) Hyperplasia of valves and cusps
    b) Cardiac hypertrophy
    c) Fibrinous pericarditis
A

Cardiac hypertrophy

55
Q
  1. Renal cell cancer in typical cases grossly is:
    a) White
    b) Cyanotic
    c) Yellow
56
Q
  1. The gleason grading system is used to characterize:
    a) Prostatic cancer
    b) Renal cancer
    c) Seminoma
A

Prostatic cancer

57
Q
  1. Nephritic syndrome can be caused by the following glomerular diseases:
    a) Endocapillary proliferation glomerulonephritis
    b) Tubulointerstitial nephritis
    c) Diabetic glomerulopathy
A

Endocapillary proliferation glomerulonephritis

58
Q
  1. Crescentic glomerulonephritis is characterized by:
    a) Acute renal failure
    b) Nephrotic syndrome
    c) Amlyoidosis
A

Acute renal failure

Pathology (4 decks)

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