Pathological Anatomy part 2 Flashcards
1
Q
1. Cellular adaptation reactions include the following: A) Necrosis B) Inflammation C) Hypertrophy D)Apoptosis
A
Hypertrophy
2
Q
2. Cellular adaptation reaction defined as increased number of cells is: A) Necrosis B) Atrophy C) Hyperplasia D)Inflammation
A
Hyperplasia
3
Q
- Metaplasia is:
A) Increase in the number of cells
B) Increase in the size of cells or organ
C) Decrease in size and metabolic activity
D)Replacement of adult cells by another adult cell type
A
Replacement of adult cells by another adult cell type
4
Q
4. Increased functional demands will cause: A) Inflammation B) Hypertrophy C) Metaplasia D)Atrophy
A
Hypertrophy
5
Q
5. Decreased blood flow cause: E) Inflammation F) Hypertrophy G) Metaplasia H) Atrophy
A
Atrophy
6
Q
- Presence of lipofucin is an evidence of:
A) Trophy occurring via mechanism of autophagy
B) Inflammation
C) Necrosis
D)Metaplasia
A
Trophy ocurring via mechanism of autophagy
7
Q
7. The phases of apoptisis include the following: A) Initiation phase B) Necrosis phase C) Execution phase D) A+B E) A+C
A
A+C
8
Q
8. Enzymes of caspase family participate in the: A) Necrosis B) Hypertrophy C) Atrophy D)Apoptosis
A
Apoptosis
9
Q
9. Which of the following pathologic processes involves intracellular accumulation of xxx? A) Stenosis B) Necrosis C) Amthrosis D)Amyloidosis
A
Stenosis
10
Q
10. Which of the following statements are correct reguarding dystrophic calcification: A) The process is local B) It occurs in abnormal tissues C) The calcium level in blood is normal D)All these statements are correct
A
All statements are correct
11
Q
- The calcinosis in necrotic tissue is:
A) Dystrophic
B) Metastatic
A
Dystrophic
12
Q
- Which pathologic process can result in oedema:
A) Hypoproteinemia in nephrotic syndrome
B) Increased hydrostatic pressure in cardiac failure
C) Inflammation
D)All these processes
A
All these processes
13
Q
- Vichow’s triad include three primary abnormalities that lead to:
A) Thrombus formation
B) Inflammation
C)Apoptosis
A
Thrombus formation
14
Q
- The Virchow’s triad include:
A) Alterations of blood flow
B) Necrosis
C)Apoptosis
A
Alterations of blood flow
15
Q
15. Which of the following blood flow types is associated with increased risk of thrombosis: A) Laminar flow B) Turbulence C) Congestion D) A + B E) B + C F) A + C
A
Turbulence
16
Q
- The primary hypercoagulability is due to:
A) Inherited mutations
B) Inflammation
C)Infarction
A
Inherited mutations
17
Q
- Endothelial injury can be caused by:
A) Ulcerations as in artherosclerotic plaque:
B) Smoking
C) A + B
A
A+B
18
Q
18. The “what-the-fuck?” of pulmonary “somefancyword” include: A) Sudden death B) Myocardial infarction C) Lung infarction D) A + B E) B + C F) A + C
A
A+C
19
Q
19. An area of ischemic necrosis caused by occlusion of either the arterial supply or the venous drainage in a particular tissue is: A) Oedema B) Infarction C) Embolus D)Air embolus
A
Infarction
20
Q
- The infarction in solid organs with end-arterial circulation (heart, spleen, kidney) typically is:
A) Red
B) White
C)Mycotic
A
White
21
Q
- The lung infarction usually is:
A) Red
B) White
C)Mycotic
A
Red
22
Q
22. Which properties are typical for benign tumors: A) A local expansile growth B) Lymphogenous spread C) Haematogenous metastatis: D) A + B E) B + C F) A + C
A
A local expansile growth
23
Q
- Haematogenous metastasis of different tumours frequently affect:
A) Heart
B) Aorta
C)Lungs
A
Lungs
24
Q
24. Adenoma is: A) Benign epithelial tumor B) Malignant epithelial tumor C) Benign mesenchymal tumor D)Malignant mesenchymal tumor
A
Benign epithelial tumor
25
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25. Malignant tumor arising from endothelium of blood vessels is called:
A) Osteoma
B) Ostesarcoma
C) Angiosarcoma
D)Leiomyosarcoma
```
Angiosarcoma
26
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26. Chondrosarcoma is:
A) Benign fat cell tumor
B) Malignant fat cell tumor
C) Benign bone-forming tumor
D)Malignant tumor of chondrocytes
```
Malignant tumor of chondrocytes
27
27. Can adenocarcinoma give rise to hematogenous metastases? A) Yes, this is possible
B) No, this is not possible
Yes, this is possible
28
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28. The ability of neoplastic cells to “dosomething” the cell of origin is called:
A) Differentiation
B) Implication?
C) Metastasis
D) Necrosis
```
Differentiation
29
29. The morphologic signs of neoplasia includes the following:
A) Increased nucleo-cytoplasmic something
B) Atypical something
C) Plaxxxmorphism + something more fancy
D) All these are correct!
All these are correct
30
30. Invasive growth is typical for:
A) Benign tumors
B) Malignant tumors
C) All tumors
Malignant tumors
31
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31. Inflammation consist of:
A) Vascular reactions
B) Migration and activation of leukocytes
C) Systemic reactions
D) A + B?
E) B + C
F) A + C
```
A+B
32
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32. The blood vessel permeability within the inflammatory process:
A) Increases
B) Decreases
C) Does not change
D)Depend on congestion only
```
Increases
33
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33. In the inflammation, the rolling interaction between leukocytes and endothelium is mediated by:
A) Steanosis
B) Sirtuions
C) Selectins
D)Necrosis
```
Selectins
34
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34. In the inflammation, the leukocytes diapedis take place in:
A) Aorta
B) Muscular arteries
C) Postcapillary venules
D)Soft tissue
```
Postcapillary venules
35
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35. The dominating cell type in most acute inflammations is:
A) Macrophage
B) Eosinophilic leukocytes
C) Lymphocyte
D) Neutrophilic leukocytes
```
Neutrophilic leukocytes
36
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36. The dominating cell type in most chronic inflammations is:
A) Macrophages
B) Eosinophilic leukocyte
C) Lymphocyte
D)Neutrophilic leukocyte
```
Macrophages
37
```
37. Eosinophilic leukocyte is the dominating cell type in:
A) All acute inflammations
B) Allergic inflammations
C) All chronic inflammations
D)Tubercolosis
```
Allergic inflammations
38
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38. The “mechanism?” of acute inflammation include:
A) Complete resolution
B) Progression to chronic inflammation
C) Healing by fibrosis
D) All of these above mentioned.
```
All of these above mentioned
39
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39. In purulent inflammation, the exudates is rich in:
A) Water
B) Neutrophils
C) Fibrinogen
D) Blood
```
Neutrophils
40
40. Cytomegalovirus infections is characterized by:
A) Purulent inflammation
B) Cytopathic cytoproliferative inflammation?
C) Necrotizing inflammation
D) Phlegmonous inflammation
Cytopathic cytoproliferative inflammation
41
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41. Gas gangrene is characterized by:
A) Purulent inflammation
B) Cytopathic cytoproliferative inflammation
C) Necrotizing inflammation
D) Phlegmonous inflammation
```
Necrotizing inflammation
42
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42. Which infection is characterized by myofibre necrosis in the myocardium, polyneuritis with degeneration of myelin sheats and axis cylinders and focal parenchymal necrosis in liver, kidney, adrenal gland?
A) Mumps
B) Measles
C) Diphteria
D)Tuberculosis
```
Measles
43
43. In tuberculosis, the typical manifistations in the tissue include:
A) Purulent inflammation
B) Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation
C) Atrophy only
D)Thrombosis only
Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation
44
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44. In acute respiratory viral infections, the respiratory mucosa develops:
A) Congestion and oedema
B) Mononuclear cell infiltration
C) Bleeding
D) Hypertrophy
E) A + B
F) C + D
```
A+B
45
45. In TNM classification, the T parameter describes:
A) The local growth of primary tumor
B) The presence or absence of metastasis in regional lymph nodes
C) The presence or absence of distant metastasis
The local growth of primary tumor
46
47. In TNM classification, the M parameter describes:
A) The local growth of primary tumor
B) The presence or absence or metastasis in regional lymph nodes
C) The presence or absence of distant metastasis
The presence or absence of distant metastasis
47
48. The TNM classification is applied to characterize:
A) A malignant tumor
B) Benign tumors
C) All tumors
A malignant tumor
48
49. The symptom complexes related to the cancer presence in the organism that cannot be explained by mass effects or elaboration of indigenous “normal” hormones are called:
A) Metastases
B) Paraneoplastic syndromes
C) Inflammation
Paraneoplastic syndromes
49
```
50. Tumor implants discontinuous with the primary tumor are:
A) Metastases
B) Paraneoplastic syndromes/*
C) Inflammation
D A+B
E B+C
```
Metastases
50
39. Acute coronary heart disease includes:
a) Myocarditis
b) Endocarditis
c) Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction
51
38. If amyloid is found in liver, it is:
a) Local amyloidosis
b) Systemic amyloidosis
Systemic amyloidosis
52
42. Atherosclerotic plaques affect:
a) Elastic arteries and large muscular arteries
b) Large veins
c) Arterioles
Elastic arteries and large muscular arteries
53
43. Complications of myocardial infarction are:
a) Atherosclerosis
b) Atrophy of coronary arteries
c) Left ventricular congestive failure
Left ventricular congestive failure
54
44. Hypertensive heart disease is characterized by:
a) Hyperplasia of valves and cusps
b) Cardiac hypertrophy
c) Fibrinous pericarditis
Cardiac hypertrophy
55
47. Renal cell cancer in typical cases grossly is:
a) White
b) Cyanotic
c) Yellow
Yellow
56
48. The gleason grading system is used to characterize:
a) Prostatic cancer
b) Renal cancer
c) Seminoma
Prostatic cancer
57
36. Nephritic syndrome can be caused by the following glomerular diseases:
a) Endocapillary proliferation glomerulonephritis
b) Tubulointerstitial nephritis
c) Diabetic glomerulopathy
Endocapillary proliferation glomerulonephritis
58
37. Crescentic glomerulonephritis is characterized by:
a) Acute renal failure
b) Nephrotic syndrome
c) Amlyoidosis
Acute renal failure
