Pathogens And Disease

Question 1

How does a virus kill a cell?

Answer 1

1. It attaches onto cell
2. Virus duplicates itself
3. Cell explodes, releasing thousands of cloned viruses

Question 2

What does Bacteria do?

Answer 2

Get into your body and reproduce through binary fission(split into two)
They produce toxins which damage cells and tissues

Question 3

How are Pathogens spread?

Answer 3

•Air droplets
•Contaminated food
•Contaminated Water
•Animals
•Direct Contact

Question 4

Human Defence responses

Answer 4

Eyes- tears contain enzymes which destroy pathogens
Nose and trachea- Cells produce Sticky mucus which trap pathogens -Cilia moves mucus out
Scabs- Form protective layer over flesh wounds to stop infection
Skin-Dead outer layer acts as barrier

Question 5

Inside the body defence system

Answer 5

*Phagocytes- Ingest microbes by cha gong their shape to engulf and destroy them with chemicals
*Specific anitbody to specific antigen- attached to bacteria
*Antitoxins-destroy toxins release by pathogens

Question 6

Vaccination

Answer 6

+Contains a dead or inactive pathogen which causes the disease
+White blood cells makes specific antibodies against the specific pathogen
+Make memory cells which remain in blood

Question 7

Vaccination after effects

Answer 7

*If the same pathogen enters again white blood cells rapidly release large amounts of specific antibody
*Destroys pathogen before causing symptoms

Question 8

MMR

Answer 8

Measles,Mumps,Rubella

Question 9

Advantages of giving child MMR vaccine

Answer 9

•Decreased risk to meningitis
•1 in 3000 to 1 in 1 million
•wipes out risk of brain damage by having vaccine- 1 in 8000 get brain damage if not

Question 10

Painkillers+ Antibiotics

Answer 10

Reduce symptoms of a disease- don’t kill pathogen
Antibiotics-Kills bacteria inside body E.G penicillin

Question 11

Problem with antibiotics

Answer 11

Bacteria are developing resistance making it less effective