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Y12 - Bio - Mr W > Pathogens > Flashcards

Pathogens Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4 types of pathogens?

A
  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
  • Viruses
  • Protoctists
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2
Q

3 examples of diseases caused by viruses

A
  • Tobacco mosaic virus
  • Influenza
  • AIDS/HIV
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3
Q

3 types of fungal diseases

A
  • Black Sigatoka
  • Ring worm
  • athletes foot
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4
Q

3 types of bacterial diseases

A
  • Ring rot
  • Tuberculosis
  • Bacterial meningitis
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5
Q

2 diseases caused by a protoctist

A
  • malaria

- blight

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6
Q

Features of Tobacco mosaic virus

A
  • viral
  • infects plants such as tomato’s, cucumber and peppers
  • damages leaves flowers and fruit
  • No cure
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7
Q

Features of Influenza

A
  • viral
  • infection of the ciliates epithelial cells
  • affects mammals, fatal in young children and the elderly
  • mutates regularly, 3 main strains A, B and C
  • leaves people exposed to secondary infection e.g. pneumonia
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8
Q

Features of AIDS/HIV

A
  • viral
  • called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
  • Gradually destroys the immune system by attacking T helper cells
  • invades DNA
  • transmitted via bodily fluids
  • people are vulnerable to secondary infection e.g. some cancers, pneumonia
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9
Q

Features of ring worm

A
  • fungal
  • affects mammals
  • caused by trichophyton verrucosum in cattle
  • causes a grey/white crusty ring on the skin
  • treated with anti fungal cream
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10
Q

Features of athletes foot

A
  • fungal
  • caused by tibia pedi a
  • digests moist skin between toes
  • treated with anti fungal creams
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11
Q

Features of black Sigatoka

A
  • fungal
  • banana disease
  • attacks/destroys leaves
  • no cure
  • ## fungicide can control the spread
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12
Q

Features of blight

A
  • protoctists
  • destroys leaves, tubers and fruit
  • no cure
  • careful management and chemical treatments can reduce infection risk
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13
Q

Features of malaria

A
  • protoctist
  • spread to humans by a vector, mosquito
  • invades red blood cells, liver and even the brain
  • no vaccines
  • limited cures
  • preventative measures are most effective
  • 200 million are reported to have it each year
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14
Q

Features of ring rot

A
  • bacterial
  • affects potatoes, aubergines and tomatoes
  • caused by gram positive bacteria
  • damages leaves tubers and roots
  • no cure
  • once an infection occurs the field cannot be used for 2 years
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15
Q

Features of bacterial meningitis

A
  • bacterial
  • infection of the meninges of the brain
  • can spread to the rest of the body to cause septicaemia
  • mainly affects children and teens
  • symptoms: blotchy, red/purple rash that does not disappear under pressure
  • 10% of people who get it die
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16
Q

Features of Tuberculosis

A
  • bacterial
  • disease of humans, cows, pigs,badgers and deers
  • curable with antibiotics
  • preventable with better living standards
  • destroys lung tissue and suppresses immune system
  • people with HIV/AIDS are vulnerable to it
17
Q

Features of viruses

A
  • 0.02 - 0.3 micrometers in diameter
  • 50x smaller than bacteria
  • bacteriophages attack bacteria
  • basic structure is genetic material surrounded by protein
18
Q

How to viruses behave

A
  • virus enters a host cell
  • enters the genetic material and puts in its own RNA
  • host cell starts to replicate the virus
  • virus develops adaptations against the host cells
  • the next generation bursts out to the cell to infect other cells
19
Q

Features of Bacteria

A
  • prokaryotic
  • different shapers
  • bacillus (rod)
  • streptobacilli ( chain of bacillus)
  • coccus ( sphere)
  • streptococci ( chain of cocci)
  • staphylococci (cluster of cocci)
  • spirilla (spiral)
  • spirochaete (corkscrew)
20
Q

What are the two types of cell wall in bacteria

A

Gram positive

  • purple/blue under a light microscope
  • e.g. MRSA

Gram negative

  • appear red under a light microscope
  • e.g. gut bacteria, Escher I have coli
21
Q

Features of Fungi

A
  • eukaryotic
  • cannot photosynthesise
  • Saphrotrophe - digest food extracellularly
  • some produce toxins
  • during reproduction they release spores, meaning they spread quickly
22
Q

Features of protoctist

A
  • eukaryotic
  • can be single called or in a colony
  • some takeover cells like viruses (do not enter DNA)
  • some are pathogens which are parasitic and use vectors e.g. malaria
23
Q

What is the basic structure of viruses

A
  • Genetic material, surrounded by protein
  • 0.02 - 0.3 micrometers in diameter
  • bacteriophages are viruses that attack bacteria

Y12 - Bio - Mr W (8 decks)

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