Pathogens Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 4 types of pathogens?
A
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Viruses
- Protoctists
2
Q
3 examples of diseases caused by viruses
A
- Tobacco mosaic virus
- Influenza
- AIDS/HIV
3
Q
3 types of fungal diseases
A
- Black Sigatoka
- Ring worm
- athletes foot
4
Q
3 types of bacterial diseases
A
- Ring rot
- Tuberculosis
- Bacterial meningitis
5
Q
2 diseases caused by a protoctist
A
- malaria
- blight
6
Q
Features of Tobacco mosaic virus
A
- viral
- infects plants such as tomato’s, cucumber and peppers
- damages leaves flowers and fruit
- No cure
7
Q
Features of Influenza
A
- viral
- infection of the ciliates epithelial cells
- affects mammals, fatal in young children and the elderly
- mutates regularly, 3 main strains A, B and C
- leaves people exposed to secondary infection e.g. pneumonia
8
Q
Features of AIDS/HIV
A
- viral
- called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- Gradually destroys the immune system by attacking T helper cells
- invades DNA
- transmitted via bodily fluids
- people are vulnerable to secondary infection e.g. some cancers, pneumonia
9
Q
Features of ring worm
A
- fungal
- affects mammals
- caused by trichophyton verrucosum in cattle
- causes a grey/white crusty ring on the skin
- treated with anti fungal cream
10
Q
Features of athletes foot
A
- fungal
- caused by tibia pedi a
- digests moist skin between toes
- treated with anti fungal creams
11
Q
Features of black Sigatoka
A
- fungal
- banana disease
- attacks/destroys leaves
- no cure
- ## fungicide can control the spread
12
Q
Features of blight
A
- protoctists
- destroys leaves, tubers and fruit
- no cure
- careful management and chemical treatments can reduce infection risk
13
Q
Features of malaria
A
- protoctist
- spread to humans by a vector, mosquito
- invades red blood cells, liver and even the brain
- no vaccines
- limited cures
- preventative measures are most effective
- 200 million are reported to have it each year
14
Q
Features of ring rot
A
- bacterial
- affects potatoes, aubergines and tomatoes
- caused by gram positive bacteria
- damages leaves tubers and roots
- no cure
- once an infection occurs the field cannot be used for 2 years
15
Q
Features of bacterial meningitis
A
- bacterial
- infection of the meninges of the brain
- can spread to the rest of the body to cause septicaemia
- mainly affects children and teens
- symptoms: blotchy, red/purple rash that does not disappear under pressure
- 10% of people who get it die
16
Q
Features of Tuberculosis
A
- bacterial
- disease of humans, cows, pigs,badgers and deers
- curable with antibiotics
- preventable with better living standards
- destroys lung tissue and suppresses immune system
- people with HIV/AIDS are vulnerable to it
17
Q
Features of viruses
A
- 0.02 - 0.3 micrometers in diameter
- 50x smaller than bacteria
- bacteriophages attack bacteria
- basic structure is genetic material surrounded by protein
18
Q
How to viruses behave
A
- virus enters a host cell
- enters the genetic material and puts in its own RNA
- host cell starts to replicate the virus
- virus develops adaptations against the host cells
- the next generation bursts out to the cell to infect other cells
19
Q
Features of Bacteria
A
- prokaryotic
- different shapers
- bacillus (rod)
- streptobacilli ( chain of bacillus)
- coccus ( sphere)
- streptococci ( chain of cocci)
- staphylococci (cluster of cocci)
- spirilla (spiral)
- spirochaete (corkscrew)
20
Q
What are the two types of cell wall in bacteria
A
Gram positive
- purple/blue under a light microscope
- e.g. MRSA
Gram negative
- appear red under a light microscope
- e.g. gut bacteria, Escher I have coli
21
Q
Features of Fungi
A
- eukaryotic
- cannot photosynthesise
- Saphrotrophe - digest food extracellularly
- some produce toxins
- during reproduction they release spores, meaning they spread quickly
22
Q
Features of protoctist
A
- eukaryotic
- can be single called or in a colony
- some takeover cells like viruses (do not enter DNA)
- some are pathogens which are parasitic and use vectors e.g. malaria
23
Q
What is the basic structure of viruses
A
- Genetic material, surrounded by protein
- 0.02 - 0.3 micrometers in diameter
- bacteriophages are viruses that attack bacteria
