Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y12 - Bio - Mr W > Gaseous Exchange > Flashcards

Gaseous Exchange Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

4 features effective exchange surfaces have

A
  • increased surface area
  • thin layers
  • good blood supply
  • ventlation to maintain diffusion gradient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Stages of inhalation

A
  • diaphragm and external intercostals contract
  • meaning the volume of the thorax increases
  • pressure inside the thorax decreases compared to atmospheric pressure
  • fresh air is then drawn into the lungs down a pressure gradient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stages of exhalation

A
  • diaphragm and external intercostals relax (internal intercostals contract if its a forceful breath)
  • meaning the volume of the thorax decreases
  • pressure inside the thorax increases compared to atmospheric pressure
  • fresh air is then pushed out of the lungs down a pressure gradient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Structures and cells found in the trachea

A
  • goblet cell
  • ciliated epithelium cells
  • incomplete rings of cartilage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the path air takes town to the alveoli

A
  • mouth/nose
  • pharynx
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • bronchioles
  • alveoli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function of the ciliates epithelium cells

A
  • to waft gas
  • wafts dirt down to be digested
  • wafts mucus created by the goblet cells out of the trachea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function of the goblet cells

A
  • create mucus

- traps dust and dirt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Features and functions of the nasal cavity

A
  • large surface area and good blood supply - war as air to body temperature
  • hairy lining - secretes mucus, traps dust and bacteria, to protect lungs from infection
  • moist surfaces - increase humidity of air, reducing evaporation from exchange surfaces
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Function of cartilage in the trachea

A

Stops the trachea from collapsing
Reduces resistance to airflow
C shape to stop the rubbing away oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Function of smooth muscle in the trachea

A

Helps to emulate airflow through constriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Function of elastic fibres

A

Allows alveoli to hold mor air without bursting elastic recoil helps to force air out in exhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Features of the gaseous exchange system in insects (6)

A
  • Tracheae
  • spiracle
  • Sphincters
  • Tracheoles
  • tough exoskeleton
  • Air sacs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Process of mechanical ventilation in Insects

A
  • in the tracheal system
  • thorax/ abdomen pumps to change the volume of the body
  • this changes the pressure in the tracheoles
  • forces air in or out
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Function of spiracles in insects

A
  • on the surface of the insect in a row along the side
  • where air enters and leave the equivalent of the mouth/nose in a mammal
  • Can be opened/ closed by sphincters
  • Closed to minimise water loss
  • Open when oxygen demand increases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of Tracheal fluid in the insect respiratory system

A
  • found at the end of the tracheoles
  • oxygen dissolves in the moisture on the walls
  • Limits the penetration of air for diffusion
  • When oxygen demands increase, lactic acid builds up. This means the tracheal fluid will move into the muscles via osmosis to allow more surface area for gaseous exchange.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function and properties of Tracheoles in insect gaseous exchange

A
  • diameter 0.6-0.8 micrometers
  • singles elongated cells
  • no chitin so can perform gaseous exchange
  • run between cells
  • Oxygen dissolves in water on the walls
  • Air moves through diffusion
17
Q

Function and properties of tracheae in insect gaseous exchange

A
  • up to 1mm in diameter
  • Run along the body
  • lined by spirals of chitin
  • tracheae is plural for trachea
18
Q

Function of chitin

A
  • found in the trachea of insects
  • keeps them open if bent or pressed
  • impermeable top gasses
19
Q

What is tracheal fluid and how is it withdrawn during periods of high oxygen demand?

A

Oxygen demand increases during a time of high movement/ energy. This builds up lactic acid in the muscles, causing the tracheal fluid to move into the muscle via osmosis. This means there is more surface area in the tracheoles for gaseous exchange to remove the lactic acid.

20
Q

What is the process of grease out exchange in all animals

A
  • Anatomical change
  • volume change
  • Pressure change
  • water/ air movement
21
Q

Process of inhalation for fish

A

Anatomical change

  • moth opens
  • floor of baccalaureate cavity is lowered
  • operculum valves are shut

Volume change

  • increases volume
  • operculum cavity expands

Pressure change
- pressure drops

Water movement
- water moves into the baccalaureate cavity and runs over the gills to extract oxygen

22
Q

Process of exhalation for fish

A

Anatomical change

  • Mouth closes
  • operculum opens at the sides of the operculum cavity

Volume change
- decreases volume in the baccalaureate cavity

Pressure change
- Increase pressure in the operculum cavity

Water movement
- forces water over the gills and out the operculum

23
Q

Large structures in the exchange system of a fish (5)

A
  • mouth
  • Buccal cavity
  • Gills
  • Opercular cavity (the space behind the gills)
  • Operculum (the opening)
24
Q

Features of the gills in a Bony fish

A
  • gill rakers ( not all fish)
  • gill bar
  • fill filaments
25
Q

Features of the gill filament in a Bony fish

A
  • occur in large stacks
  • need f;low of water to keep them apart
  • large surface area for gas exchange
  • tips of adjacent filaments overlap - this increases the resistance to flow of water. Slows movement of water for more time for gaseous exchange.
26
Q

Features of the gill lamellae in a Bony fish

A
  • come off the gill filaments
  • rich blood supply
  • main site for gaseous exchange
  • blood flows around and through the lamellae
27
Q

How does counter current exchange in the gills work

A

If the blood and water were moving in the same direction, there would be an initial steep concentration gradient between blood and water. Diffusion takes place until oxygen concentration in the blood and water are equal so the diffusion will stop earlier.

Parallel system: blood and water flow in opposite directions. So blood and water concentration gradient is maintained the whole way across the gill.
Oxygen continues to diffuse down a concentration gradient for longer so a much higher level of oxygen saturation in the blood is achieved.

Y12 - Bio - Mr W (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions