Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year One: Pesky Things > Pathogens > Flashcards

Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

Give an example of the binomial classification

A

Escherichia coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Recall the Linnaean classification system

A 
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genius
Species
Strain 
Isolate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe viruses: size, genome size

A

most are 20 nm to 300 nm

• genome size 9Kb- 300Kb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the structure of viruses

A

DNA or RNA genome linear, segmented, single or double stranded

  • protein nucleocapsid - individual capsomeres. Helical, cubic, or complex arrangement
  • Enveloped or non-enveloped may have components derived from host cell
  • No cytoplasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the difference between non-enveloped and enveloped viruses?

A

Non-enveloped is much more robust and survive on viruses

Membraned once are easily degraded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Common viral infections in the UK community…

A
  • Upper respiratory tract infection - rhinovirus, influenza, RSV
  • Gastroenteritis e.g. Norovirus (SRSV), adenovirus(non-enveloped virus), rotavirus
  • Rashes e.g. varicella zoster virus (chickenpox), measles
  • Meningitis e.g. enterovirus, bacteria meningitis is lethal
  • Hepatitis virus e.g. HepB
  • Human Papilloma virus (HPV) - genital warts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Healthcare-associated Infections (Hospital Acquired)…

A

• Norovirus, flu
• Influenza
Surface haemagglutinin allow it to adhere to cells and form component vaccines against flu. Eg Influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What virus causes these muco-cutaneous lesions?

A
  • Human Herpes simplex Type 1

* Chicken pox virus is herpes virus with similar shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the structure of bacteria

A
  • Size: 0.5 μm to 3 μm
  • Structure: Prokaryotic. Haploid DNA, circular genome. no nucleus
  • usually have rigid cell wall made of peptidoglycan of sugars outside cytoplasmic membrane
  • some bacteria have capsules of polysaccharide that block antibody binding and other pathogens
  • Fimbria(pilli) allow bacteria to attach to surfaces.
  • Polar flagella on bacteria is on one side and allow it to migrate
  • no mitochondria.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the difference in staining of gram negative and positive bacteria?

A

gram positive- dark purple

Gram negative: pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What was the 1st influenza to be sequenced?

A

Haemophilus influenze

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe fungi

A
  • Size: over 2 μm
  • Structure: Eukaryotic. Haploid or diploid DNA
  • Single or multiple nuclei
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the cell wall structure of fungi

A

• Rigid chitinous cell wall outside cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the filamentous form of fungi?

A
  • Filamentous form/moulds. – hyphae (e.g. Aspergillus spp) multinucleate branching hyphae forming mycelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is classification of fungi based on?

A

morphology (growth form),

  1. mode of reproduction (sexual or asexual)
  2. disease caused: 70,0000species ~300 human pathogens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the types of infection caused by fungi? Give examples of each. (3)

A
  • Superficial mycoses: Skin, nail hair and mucous membranes (dermatophytes) or thrush (Candida albicans)
  • Cutaneous - e.g. Tanea – aka ringworm
  • Systemic mycoses: e.g Histoplasmosis. Histoplasma capsulatum pores that can be breathed in
17
Q

What is oral candidiasis?(3)

A
  • most common oral fungal infection
  • carriage rates 20% - 75% without any symptoms.
  • Usually Candida albicans
18
Q

Describe yeast infections (3)

A
  • normal constituent of the digestive and vaginal tracts
  • Generally, no problems in healthy people
  • Opportunistic pathogens
19
Q

Describe opportunistic infections in AIDS(3)

A

• (Previously classified as a protozoan)
o PCP(Pneumocystis pneumonia) in AIDS
o Single cells
o forms cysts containing sporescapsule

20
Q

What can Cryptococcus neoformans cause in AIDS?

A

Fungal yeast like form – encapsulated – large Block out canals in the cerebral spinal fluid

21
Q

Describe parasites

A
  • Eukaryotic organisms – Protozoa and Helminths
  • Term parasite - sometimes applied to any microbe that lives in or on another animal host, causing it harm.
  • Different morphology and sizes at different life cycle stages
  • They can be microscopic or visible to the eye
  • Multicellular
22
Q

Describe protozoa

A
  • Single cells 5 to 300 μm
  • Single or multiple nuclei
  • Haploid DNA
  • Morphology varies throughout life cycle
  • May have flagella.
  • Trophozoites, cysts and other morphotypes – complex life cycles
23
Q

Give examples of protozoa

A
  • Entamoeba histolytica - amoebic dysentery
  • Giardia lamblia – giardiasis (steatorrhea)
  • Toxoplasma gondii
  • Cryptosporidium spp - swimming pools - diarrhoea
  • Trichomonas vaginalis –common STI
24
Q

What are the groups of parasites?

A
  • Cestodes are tapeworms e.g. Taenia saginata
  • Trematodes are flatworms or flukes and include Schistosoma haematobium
  • Nematodes which are roundworms e.g. Ascaris lumbricoides
25
Q

What are helminths?

A

These are multicellular parasitic worms
• Different morphology and sizes at different life cycle stages
• They can be microscopic or visible to the eye
• Multicellular

Year One: Pesky Things (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions