Pathogenicity and Epidemiology Flashcards
How did the foundation of epidemiology started?
When John Snow discover the action of Cholera
What is Epidemiology in your own words?
A study to the occurence and prevention of infection disease.
Pathogenicity refers to?
the ability to caused disease
Give me 3 reasons why infection may not take place?
- Microbe antagonism
-Health and Immunity of the host - Unsupportive site for growth
What is the most common microflora of the skin?
- Staphylococcus
- Corynebacterium
- Propionibacterium
What parts of the ear is usually sterile?
Middle and inner ear
Upper respiratory tract mostly consist of?
Opportunistic microbes
What is the common indigenous microflora of the mouth?
Alpha-hemolytic streptococci
Causes plaque in the mouth?
Streptococci mutans
Contains the largest variety of microbes?
Colon
What expels microbes from cervix to vagina?
Cilia and mucus
What is cilia
A part of a cell that is involved in locomotion.
What is microbial antagonism?
What is mutualism?
What is commensalism?
What is symbiosis?
What is meningitis?
An inflammation in the protective membrane of the brain and spinal cord
Where does Neisseria meningitidis normally resides?
Respiratory tract
Where does streptococcus pneumoniae normally resides?
Nose and throat
Give me 3 phrases that describes the Koch’s postulates
- isolated suspected microbes
- purely cultured and inoculated in a healthy animal
- must be the same to the original
this is the period where the patient would start to feel sick?
Prodromal period
this is the period where the patient would fully regain its strength?
Convalescence period
What is the other word for reservoir?
Carrier
What is chronic carrier?
a carrier that would eventually possess symptoms
What is convalescence carrier?
an acknowledged cured patient that still able to transmit disease
What is incubation carrier?
a carrier who acquired a contagious disease during incubation period
what is fomite?
An object or body of earth that contains pathogens
Transmission of disease from fomites
Indirect contact transmission
transmission of disease through vector’s BITE?
Biological transmission
transmission of disease through vector’s body part?
Manual transmission
The searching of factors that preceded the infection
Case control method
Collecting all data that would be used to describe the center of the study
Descriptive epidemiology
Exoenzyme producing pathogens is considered a virulence factors, why?
those enzymes are meant to invade immune system response
What does Iga protease does to the immune system of the host?
Kills the Iga antibodies
How does immune system activates?
When it sensed an antigen that is all found on pathogens
The area of a cell exterior where the pathogens adheres?
Receptors/Integrins
A part of the pathogen that enables to recognize the integrin of the host?
Adhesins/ligands
Dissolve hyaluronic acid to allow deeper penetration into tissues
Hyaluronidase
Causes massive destruction of tissues
Necrotizing enzyme
An enzyme that destroys host cell membrane
Lecithinase
What toxin is (A) is attached to the gram-negative wall (B) and that is inside the cell?
A. Endotoxin
B. Exotoxin
Releases cytotoxin and causes pseudoembranous colitis
C. difficile toxin B
