Pathogenic bacteria, antimicrobial resistance and vaccines

Question 1

What 3 factors are implicated in determining the threat of a bacteria becoming resistance to an antimicrobial?

Answer 1

Slides 8-9

Question 2

Give three methods for categorising bacteria.

Answer 2

Slides 10-12

Question 3

Give colistin as an example of AMR.

Answer 3

Slides 13-18

Question 4

What is worse: Resistance encoded by chromosomes or plasmids?

Answer 4

Slide 19

Question 5

What combination of three factors make a bacterium the worse threat for AMR?

Answer 5

Slide 20

Question 6

Give a quick overview of the current state of antimicrobial development. Why is it bad?

Answer 6

Slide 23-26

Question 7

How do you determine a causal relationship between microbes and a disease? How can you do this for microbes in the microbiome? What issues may you face?

Answer 7

-Koch’s postulates
-Slide 29-31

Question 8

What is metagenomics? What are its advantages and disadvantages?

Answer 8

-Metagenomics is the study of the structure and function of entire nucleotide sequences isolated and analyzed from all the organisms (typically microbes) in a bulk sample. Metagenomics is often used to study a specific community of microorganisms, such as those residing on human skin, in the soil or in a water sample.
-Slide 32-33

Question 9

What is 16S rRNA analysis? What are it’s advantages and disadvantages?

Answer 9

Slide 34-35

Question 10

What is an operational taxonomic unit?

Answer 10

Slide 36-37

Question 11

What is disease a result of in terms of diversity?

Answer 11

Slides 38-40

Question 12

What should you consider when reading and critiquing microbiome papers/

Answer 12

Slide 41

Question 13

What is bacterial/antibiotic persistence? What is tolerance?

Answer 13

Slides 44-46

Question 14

What are the different types of bacterial persistence/

Answer 14

Slide 47

Question 15

What may contribute to bacterial persistence?

Answer 15

Slide 48