Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 1

What is Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Answer 1

Slide 5

Question 2

How is it transmitted and how does it establish infection and colonise the mucosal epithelial?

Answer 2

Slides 6-8

Question 3

What steps does Neisseria gonorrhoeae take to establish infection and how do neutrophils respond? What are the antimicrobial activities of neutrophils and how do they take up Neisseria gonorrhoea?

Answer 3

Slides 9-13

Question 4

How does Gonococcal defend against neutrophil activity

Answer 4

Slides 14-15

Question 5

How else does Gonococcal defend itself against the immune system/

Answer 5

-complement evasion
-suppression of the adaptive immune system
-antigenic and phase variation

Slides 16-18

Question 6

Summarise the mechanisms by which Neisseria gonorrhoeae resists antimicrobials.

Answer 6

Slide 20

Question 7

What are beta-lactams, what is their mechanism of action and how does Neisseria gonorrhoea resist them?

Answer 7

Slides 21-29

Question 8

Give examples of antimicrobials that target protein synthesis in Neisseria gonorrhoea. What mechanisms of resistance does Neisseria gonorrhoea have against them?

Answer 8

Slides 30-34

Question 9

What is the current state of AMR in Neisseria gonorrhoea?

Answer 9

Slide 35

Question 10

How does AMR impact the fitness of Neisseria gonorrhoea?

Answer 10

Slides 36-37

Question 11

How can the emergence and spread of AMR in N. gonorrhoea be tracked?

Answer 11

Sliide 38

Question 12

What factors affecting control of AMR in gonorrhoea?

Answer 12

Slide 39

Question 13

What are some of the future perspectives for control and treatment of gonorrhoea?

Answer 13

-development of new antibiotics
-repurposing of already existing antibiotics
-small molecule inhibitors
-less tradition approaches (e.g. mAbs and vaccines)