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parasitology > pathogenic and commensal amoeba > Flashcards

pathogenic and commensal amoeba Flashcards

1
Q
  • TROPH: 4-20 um & 9-14 um (majority)
  • CYST: 6-16 um & 9/10 um (average)
  • sluggishly progressive
  • has hyaline pseudopodia
  • never ingested RBC
  • scattered bacteria in the cytoplasm
  • nucleus is not usually visible
  • delicate nuclear membrane
  • large karyosome
  • peripheral chromatin is absent
A

I. butschlii

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2
Q

six species of genus Entamoeba capable of infecting humans:

A
  • E. coli
  • E. hartmanii
  • E. dispar
  • E. moshkovskii
  • E. gingivalis
  • E. histolytica
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3
Q
  • vesicular nucleus
  • large, irregularly-shaped karyosome
A

genus Endolimax

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4
Q

trophozoite with ingested RBCs are termed as (?)

A

“hematophagous” trophozoites

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5
Q

microscopic identification of E. histolytica can only be made in ingested eryhthrocytes are present in its (?)

A

trophozoites

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6
Q

treatment for E. polecki

A
  • metronidazole (flagyl) & furamide (diloxanide furoate)
  • metronidazole alone is also effective
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7
Q

considered to be the “small race” of E. histolytica due to its size

A

E. hartmanii

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8
Q

3rd most important parasitic disease, after malaria, and schistosomiasis, and 2nd to malaria as the top cause of mortality among parasitic protozoans

A

amebiasis

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9
Q
  • a zoonotic protozoan of pigs and monkey
  • seldomly causes diarrhea in humans
A

E. polecki

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10
Q
  • the most common of the smaller intestinal amebae
  • usually encountered with about the same frequency as E. coli
A

Endolimax nana

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11
Q

chronic granulomatous lesion

A

ameboma

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12
Q

(?) only occurs in the trophozoite stage

A

replication

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13
Q

commensals in humans:

A
  • E. polecki
  • Endolimax nana
  • Blastocystis hominis
  • Iodamoeba butschlii
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14
Q

used to detect Entamoeba-specific antigen in fecal specimens

A

EIA (enzyme immunoassays)

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15
Q
  • TROPH: 8-20 um (resembles E. histolytica)
  • active motility
  • multiple pseudopods
  • single nucleus
  • has central karyosome
  • achromatic granules in strands
  • inclusions in granular cytoplasm
A

E. gingivalis

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16
Q

originally proposed by Emile Brumpt

A
  • E. dispar
  • E. moshkovskii
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17
Q

best way to diagnose E. histolytica infection

A

stool antigen detection and serology

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18
Q

conversion from cyst to trophozoite

A

excystation

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19
Q

forms ion channels in the phagocytized bacteria and eukaryotic cells

A

amebapore

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20
Q

the only pathogenic of the genus Entamoeba

A

E. histolytica

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21
Q

important amoeba in humans

A
  • Entameoba
  • Naegleria
  • Acanthamoeba
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22
Q

all Entamoeba are lume-dwelling protozoans except (?)

A

E. gingivalis

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23
Q

free-living protozoans found mainly in freshwater

A
  • Naegleria
  • Acanthamoeba
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24
Q

a species-complex amoeba considered to cause amoebic dysentery and liver abscess worlwide

A

E. histolytica

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25
Q

conversion from trophozoites to cysts

A

encystation

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26
Q
  • high prevalence in tropical regions that in temperate regions
  • frequency of infection is less than E. coli & E. nana
  • occures when ingested in contaminated food or drink
  • hand-to-mouth transmission
A

I. butschlii

27
Q

extraintestinal amoebiasis

(?) and (?) may occur in amebic colitis w/o any evidence of hepatic infection

A
  • hepatomegaly
  • tenderness
28
Q

Entamoeba histolytica is 1st described by a young russian peasant named (?)

A

Losch

29
Q

trophozoite

RBC in the cytoplasm are considered diagnostic for (?)

A

E. histolytica

30
Q

used to locate organisms within the tissues

A

periodic acid-schiff stain

31
Q

term used to denote any symptomatic intestinal infection

A

amebic colitis

32
Q
  • capable of causing focal intestinal lesions in animals (kittens, gerbils, & guinea pigs)
  • does not cause symptomatic disease, nor elicit the production of serum antibodies
  • approx. 9x more prevalent than E. histolytica
A

E. dispar

33
Q

trophozoite of a virulent strain of E. histolytica are able to kill human nuetrophils, monocytes, & macrophages

A

cytophagocytosis

34
Q

treatment for intestinal infection

A

paramomycin / furamide (Diloxanide furoate)

35
Q
  • has ameboid characteristics
  • has pseudopods (false feet)
A

amoeba

36
Q
  • SIZE:16-60 um
  • MOTILITY: active, rapid, progressive, unidirectional, pseudopodia
  • has glass-like/”hyaline-like” projections
  • FORM: short, blunt, broad to long, finger-like
  • mononucleated
  • has karyosome
  • UNSTAINED: nucleus is not visible
  • PERMANENT STAIN: trichrome or iron hematoxylin
  • finely granular cytoplasm
  • “ground glass appearance”
  • few bacterial inclusions
  • single rounded nucleus
  • absence of ingested material
  • lacks cell wall
A

trophozoite of E. histolytica

37
Q

allows accurate morphological demonstration of trophozoite

A

hematoxylin and eosin stains

38
Q

used to separate invasive E. histolytica from noninvasive strains

A

molecular diagnosis

39
Q

genus of Entamoeba that are morphologically similar

A
  • E. histolytica
  • E. dispar
  • E. moshkovskii
40
Q
  • often found in pyorrheal pockets between the teeth and gums in the tonsillar crypts
  • existing as a scavenger, it feeds on disintegrated cells & multiply by binary fission
A

E. gingivalis

41
Q

extraintestinal amoebiasis

erosion of a hepatic abscess through the diaphragm into the lung may lead to (?)

A

pulmonary amebiasis

42
Q
  • TROPH: 15-50 um
  • CYST: 8-35 um & 12-25 um (average)
  • more vacuolated
  • no RBC
  • narrower, less-differentiated ectoplasm
  • broader & blunter pseudopodia
  • sluggish, undirected movements
  • thick, irregular peripheral chromatin
  • large karyosome
  • more nuclei (8)
  • more granular cytoplasm
  • splinter-like chromatoidal bodies
  • IODINE STAIN: dark stain, perinuclear masses
A

E. coli

43
Q
  • nonfeeding stage
  • has protective cell wall
A

cysts

44
Q

asymptomatic infections

(?)/(?) trophozoites may be recovered in stool

A

E. histolytica/E. dispar

45
Q
  • presence of hyaline wall
  • UNSTAINED: high refractile
  • GLYCOGEN MASS: yellow-stained
  • highly refractile chromatoidal bars
  • SIZE: 10-20 um
  • SHAPE: spherical, ovoid or irregular
  • NUCLEI: quadrinucleated
  • peripheral chromatin is thicker
  • less uniform in size
  • small karyosome
  • CYTOPLASM: glycogen mass disappears
A

cyst of E. histolytica

46
Q

cystic stage is infective stage except (?)

A

E. gingivalis

47
Q

cosmopolitan in distribution, and is considerably more common than other human amebae

A

E. coli

48
Q
  • spherical nucleus
  • nuclear membrane lined with chromatin granules
  • small karyosome
A

genus Entamoeba

49
Q

a (-) serologic test and E. histolytica-like amebae in the stool indicates (?)

A

E. dispar

50
Q

death and generation of parasites lead quickly to the formation of vacuoles in the cytoplasm, a (?) appearance

A

swish-cheese

51
Q

receives its generic name from the characteristic of glycogen vacuoles of the cyst stage, which are so prominent that in iodine stains the cysts seem to contain little

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

52
Q
  • delicate & fragile
  • uses pseudopods (motile)
A

trophozoite

53
Q
  • frequently affecting invertebrate & vertebrate organisms
  • has vesicular nucleus, small karyosome
A

genus Entamoeba

54
Q
  • TROPH: 12-20 um
  • CYST: 10-20 um & 12-18 um (average)
  • sluggish, nonprogressive motility
  • single nucleus
  • nuclear structures resembles E. histolytica & E. coli
  • small karyosome that resembles E. histolytica
  • several form of peripheral chromatin that resembles E. coli
  • granular and vacuolated cytoplasm that resemble E. coli;
  • contains ingested yeast, bacteria, and food particles
A

E. polecki

55
Q

treatment for invasive disease

A

metronidazole / tinidazole

56
Q

common form of infection

A

intestinal amebiasis

57
Q
  • TROPH: 5-12 um & 7 um (average)
  • CYST: 7-10 um
  • pseudopodia are blunt and hyaline
  • sluggish and random movement
  • cytoplasm contains vacuoles and bacteria
  • large karyosome
  • absence of peripheral chromatin
  • four nuclei
A

E. nana

58
Q
  • large, chromatin-rich karyosome;
  • surrounded by a layer of achromatic globules
A

genus Iodamoeba

59
Q
  • TROPH: 3-12 um
  • CYST: 4-10 um
  • same nuclear structure with E. histolytica
  • chromatoidal material assumes similar rod or cigar-like form
A

E. hartmanii

60
Q
  • found primarily in warm, moist regions of the world, as well as other areas in which poor hygiene and substandard sanitary conditions exist
A

E. nana

61
Q

extraintestinal amoebiasis

amebic abscesses of other organs (brain, pericardium, and spleen) are uncommon, and when they occur, they are most often accompanied by (?)

A

amebic liver abscess

62
Q
  • contracted via kissing and droplet contamination
A

E. gingivalis

63
Q

detects E. histolytica Gal/GalNAc lectin in stool and distinguishes it from E. dispar

A

ELISA kit

parasitology (4 decks)

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