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parasitology > atrial flagellates > Flashcards

atrial flagellates Flashcards

1
Q

epidemiology

  • cosmopolitan in its distribution and prefers warm climate
  • occur primarily through hand-to-mouth contamination via contaminated food or drink
A

C. mesnili

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2
Q

[TROPH]
SIZE: 5-14 um (long)
SHAPE: pear-shaped, oval
NUCLEI: one, filled with chromatin granulez
FLAGELLA: 5 total, 4 extended anteriorly, 1 extends posteriorly
OTHER STRUCTURE: undulating membrane (2/3), costa, thick axostyle, cytostome

A

T. tenax

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3
Q

treatment

  • no need to treat
  • commensal or non-pathogenic
A

T. hominis

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4
Q

pathogenic:

A
  • G. duodenalis (G. lamblia)
  • Trichomonas vaginalis
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5
Q

[TROPH]
SIZE: 8-10 um (long), 5-16 um (wide)
SHAPE: pear-shaped, teardrop
MOTILITY: falling-leaf
APPEARANCE: bilaterally symmetrical
NUCLEI: two (ovoid)
FLAGELLA: four pairs
OTHER STRUCTURE: 2 median bodies & axonemes, sucking disk

A

G. lamblia

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6
Q

epidemiology

found world-wide in lakes, streams, and other water sources

A

G. lamblia

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7
Q

have cyst and troph forms

A
  • G. lamblia
  • C. mesnili
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8
Q

[TROPH]
SIZE: 5-25 um (long), 5-10 um (wide)
SHAPE: pear-shaped
MOTILITY: stiff, rotary, directly, “corkscrew”
NUCLEI: one
FLAGELLA: 4, 3 extending arterior, 1 extending posterior
OTHER STRUCTURE: prominent cytostome, spiral grove

A

C. mesnili

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9
Q
  • causes prolonged diarrhea in a healthy individual
  • discovered by Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
A

G. duodenalis

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10
Q

1st described by french scientist Dr. L. Lambl & czechoslovakian scientist Dr. Giard

A

Cercomonas intestinalis

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11
Q

non-pathogenic:

A
  • C. mesnii
  • T. hominis
  • T. tenax
  • E. hominis
  • R. intestinalis
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12
Q

epidemiology

  • transmitted via eggs of helminth parasites (E. vermicularis and A. lumbricoides)
  • unknown exact mode of transmission
  • at risk: children, homoxeual men, semi-communal groups, institutionalized persons
A

D. fragilis

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13
Q

clinical symptoms

asymptomatic

A

T. hominis

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14
Q

daignosis

  • traditional examination of freshly passed liquid stool
  • fized stool with PVA or Schaudinn’s fixative
  • molecular techniques: RT-PCR
A

D. fragilis

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15
Q

[TROPH]
SIZE: 5-14 um long
SHAPE: pear-shaped, ovoid, round
MOTILITY: rapid, jerky
NUCLEI: one
FLAGELLA: 3-5 extending anteriorly, 1 extending posteriorly
OTHER STRUCTURE: undulating membrane (half of body), prominety axostyle

A

T. vaginalis

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16
Q

treatment

  • nonpathogenic
  • proper and good oral hygiene
A

T. tenax

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17
Q

[CYST]
SIZE: 8-17 um (long), 6-10 um (wide)
SHAPE: ovoid
NUCLEI: immature cyst, 2 mature cyst, 4 karyosome
OTHER STRUCTURE: median bodies: two immature cyst, 4 interior flagella

A

G. lamblia

18
Q

clinical symptoms

  • non-pathogenic before
  • now considered to be the only known pathogenic intestinal flagellates
  • asymptomatic carrier state
  • Giardiasis (traveler’s diarrhea/gay bowel syndrome)
  • villous flattening and crypt hyperthrophy
  • decreased electrolyte, glucose, fluid absorption
  • deficiencies in disaccharides
A

G. lamblia

19
Q

epidemiology

  • transmission mostly occurs by ingesting trophs
  • source of infection: contaminated milk
A

T. hominis

20
Q

treatment for G. lamblia

A
  • metronidazole
  • tinidazole
  • nitazoxanide
21
Q
  • 1st discovered by Wenyon
  • described by Pepps and Dobell
  • orginally described as an ameoba
  • no cyst stage
  • co-infection with E. vermicularis
  • unknown cycle
  • “Hakansson phenomenon” (swells in the water, then ruptures)
A

D. fragilis

22
Q

diagnosis

stool examination: troph (only)

A

T. hominis

23
Q

epidemiology

  • primary mode of transmission: sexual intercourse
  • transferred via contaminated toilet articles or underclothing
A

T. vaginalis

24
Q

daignosis

  • traditional examination of freshly passed liquid stool
  • iodine wet preparation
A

C. mesnili

25
Q

epidemiology

  • unknown exact mode of transmission
  • use of contaminated dishes and utensils
  • droplet contamination through kissing
A

T. tenax

26
Q

diagnosis

  • saline wet prep
  • PAP smear
  • urinalysis
  • CULTURE: InPouch TV (3 days)
  • MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES: affirm VPIII (DNA)
  • fluorescent stains
  • monoclonal antibody assays, enzyme immunoassays
A

T. vaginalis

27
Q

[CYST]
SIZE: 5-10 um (long)
SHAPE: lemon-shaped with hyaline knob
NUCLEI: one
OTHER STRUCTURE: cytostome

A

C. mesnili

28
Q

treatment for D. fragilis

A
  • iodoquinol
  • tetracycline
  • metronidazole
29
Q

has pseudopods instead of flagella

A

D. fragilis

30
Q

clinical symptoms

  • asymptomatic carrier state (men)
  • persistent urethritis
  • persistent vaginitis
  • “strawberry cervix”
  • infant infection: conjunctivitis, respiratory infection
A

T. vaginalis

31
Q

treatment for T. vaginalis

A
  • metronidazole (DOC)
  • treatment for sexual partners (recommended)
32
Q

neuromotor apparatus

A
  • kinetoplast
  • axoneme
33
Q

diagnosis

  • smell like rotten eggs (hydrogen sulfide)
  • formed stool (cyst)
  • liquid, soft stool (troph)
  • duodenal aspirate
  • biopsy
  • Enterotest
  • direct fluorescence
  • EIA and ELISA
  • western blot
  • R-T PCR
A

G. lamblia

34
Q

clinical symptoms

known to invade the respiratory tract

A

T. tenax

35
Q

[TROPH]
SIZE: 7-20 um (long), 5-18 um (wide)
SHAPE: pear-shaped
MOTILITY: nervous, jerky
NUCLEI: one
FLAGELLA: 3-5 anterior, 1 posterior
OTHER STRUCTURE: axostyle, undulating membrane (full body), conical cytostome

A

T. hominis

36
Q

[TROPH]
SIZE: 5-18 um
SHAPE: irregularly round
MOTILITY: progressive, broad hyaline pseudopodia
NUCLEI: 2
CYTOPLASM: bacteria-fiulled vacuoles

A

D. fragilis

37
Q

treatment

no treatment is necessary

A

C. mesnili

38
Q

coined G. lamblia

A

stiles

39
Q

seen in urine; vaginal secretion; protate secretion

A

T. vaginalis

40
Q

diagnosis

SOC: mouth scraping

A

T. tenax

parasitology (4 decks)

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