Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AU 15- Periodontology > Pathogenesis of Periodontitis > Flashcards

Pathogenesis of Periodontitis Flashcards

1
Q

In gingival health, the Junctional Epithelium is attached to ______.

A

enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In gingival health, the oral epithelium is continuous with ______.

A

junctional epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In gingival health, what are the tissue volume ratios of JE, OE, and CT?

A

JE: 10%
OE: 30%
CT: 60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In gingival health, are PMNs present or absent from the outer portion of the junctional epithelium?

A

PMNs are present even in health but in very small numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How thick is the JE in gingival health?

A

10-20 cell layers thin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or False: Rete pegs are absent in gingival health.

A

True: outer and basal surfaces are parallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the CT that is present in gingival health.

A

CT is dense with prominent collagen fiber bundles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In gingival health, the _______ plexus contains a constant number of ________ which provide nutrients to the periodontium.

A

Subepithelial plexus

capillary loops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In gingival health, does the dentogingival plexus have capillary loops?

A

No, the SP has loops but the DP does not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When does the flow of crevicular fluid increase?

A

when there is inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the four stages in the development of gingivitis and periodontitis?

A
  1. initial lesion
  2. early lesion
  3. established lesion
  4. advanced lesion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which stage(s) of periodontal development is subclinical?

A

Initial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When does the initial lesion stage occur?

A

within 1 to 4 days of plaque formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

During the inital lesion stage of development, how does the concentration of PMNs change compared to health?

A

they infiltrate to form a higher density at the junction between OE and JE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the vascular changes associated with the initial lesion stage of periodontitis development.

A

Healthy vessels are permeable only to water, salts, and small molecules. After plaque build up, vessels of the dentogingival plexus will dilate due to the presence of vasoactive mediators (histamine, IL1, TNF). Gaps form between capillary endothelial cells which makes them more permeable. GCF rate increases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In health, GCF is a _______ but in disease is an _______.

A

health: plasma transudate
disease: inflammatory exudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

GCF flushes the crevice from ______ to _______.

A

apical to coronal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True or False: if gingival crevicular flow measures 0.08microliters in 30 seconds, that person must have inflammation.

A

False. those number are associated with health. it would be three times higher than that in disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What kind of test is used to measure GCF volume?

A

ninhydrin stain (purple) will indicate proteins and GCF volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

During the initial lesion stage, there is a cytokine-mediated up-regulation of _________ on endothelial cells of vasculature.

A

adhesion molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is chemotaxis by PMNs induced?

A 
host factors (IL-8, C5a)
Molecules released by bacteria (fmet-leu-phe)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does the complement system increased vascular leakage in the initial lesion?

A

activation of mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

True or False: Vasculitis is associated with the initial lesion.

A

True, vasculitis is simply an enlargement of vasculature due to LOSS OF PERIVASCULAR COLLAGEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which portion of the JE is affected during the initial lesion?

A

the most coronal portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When does the early lesion stage set in?

A

within 4 to 7 days of plaque developement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Is the early lesion stage visible clinically?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How do fibroblasts contribute to the progression of periodontitis or gingivitis at the early lesion stage?

A

They undergo CYTOPATHIC ALTERATIONS that tip the scale toward more breakdown and less building-up of collagen

28
Q

Are rete pegs present at the early lesion stage?

A

yes, rete pegs invade the coronal portion of the lesion and capillary loops project between them

29
Q

When does the an increases in the concentration of plasma cells become evident?

A

during the established lesion stage

30
Q

During the established lesion stage, _______ loss increases and ______ becomes clinically evident.

A

collagen

swelling

31
Q

In addition to plasma cells, which cell types are present during the established lesion stage?

A

T and B cells
Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Serum proteins

32
Q

Fibroblasts produce _____ and ______ during the established lesion stage.

A

Metaloproteinases

tissue inhibitors

33
Q

During the established lesion stage, the sulcus deepens and the coronal portion of the JE is converted into ________.

A

permeable pocket epithelium (PE)

34
Q

The PE (pocket epithelium) is loaded with _____ and is not attached to tooth surface.

A

PMNs

35
Q

What do plasma cells produce?

A

Ig

cytokines (IL-6 and TNF)

36
Q

Is there attachment loss at the established lesion stage?

A

No

37
Q

True or False: A patient can stay at the established lesion stage forever if they are resistant to periodontitis.

A

True

38
Q

At which stage, does the diagnosis change from gingivitis to periodontitis?

A

The fourth and final stage…Advanced Lesion

39
Q

In the advanced lesion stage, which type of adaptive immune cells dominate?

A

B-cells

40
Q

___ cells dominate in gingivitis, ____ cells dominate in periodontitis.

A

T

B

41
Q

What is the first clinical sign of periodontitis?

A

apical migration of the epithelial attachment (JE moves due to destruction of the connective tissue)

42
Q

At what location does bone destruction begin?

A

around communicating blood vessels along the crest of the septum

43
Q

True or False: After entering the advanced lesion stage, removal of plaque will resolve inflammation and move the patient back into the established lesion stage.

A

False: once you see attachment loss it cannot be regained even if the inflammation is resolved

44
Q

During the advanced lesion stage, what is the proportion of plasma cells?

A

50%

45
Q

What are the three modifying factors of periodontitis?

A
  1. Diabetes
  2. Hormones (pregnancy, puberty, menopause)
  3. Smoking
46
Q

What do the modifying factors (smoking, hormones, diabetes) influence?

A
  • Susceptibility to gingivalis and perio
  • Plaque Growth/Composition
  • Clinical response/presentation
  • Disease progression
  • Response to perio therapy
47
Q

Diabetes mellitus is a _____ for periodontitis.

A

risk factor

48
Q

What is type 1 diabetes?

A

impaired insulin production

49
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A

deficient insulin utilization

50
Q

How can diabetes influence oral and periodontial health?

A
  • xerostomia (loss of innate protection)
  • increased prevalence of candida infections (fungus)
  • higher risk for periodontitis
  • Mucosal abscesses
51
Q

For patients with diabetes and periodontal disease, what is the benefit to perio therapy?

A

Perio increases insuling resistance; glycemic control improves with perio therapy.
Diabetics with severe perio can get proteinuria and CVD

52
Q

Which bacterial species are found to increase in the case of Type 2 diabetes?

A

P.intermedia, C.rectus, and P.gingivalis

53
Q

Which bacterial species is found to increase in the case of Type 1 diabetes?

A

Capnoctyophaga

54
Q

In patients with diabetes, __________ create a destructive phenotype of macrophages that are more highly inflammatory.

A

Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGE)

55
Q

What impact does diabetes have on vasculature?

A

advanced glycation end-products create a thickening of vascular endothelium and, therefore, reduced migration and host defense

56
Q

Estrogen increases ______ metabolism and ______ mediators.

A

collagen

inflammatory

57
Q

Estrogen effects salivary _______.

A

peroxidases

58
Q

How frequently is gingivitis seen in pregnancy?

A

35-88%

59
Q

During which time frame is gingival inflammation highest during pregnancy?

A

2nd and 3rd trimester (best time for treatment is 2nd trimester)

60
Q

Why is there an increase in P.intermedia during pregnancy?

A

P.i uses naphthoquinones from steroids

61
Q

Why is periodontitis more common with menopause or osteoporosis?

A

due to decreased absorption and increased elimination of calcium

62
Q

True or False: There is less gingivitis and bleeding on probing in those patients who smoke.

A

True

63
Q

What is the second greatest risk factor for periodontitis?

A

smoking

64
Q

Smokers have higher numbers of A.a, T.forsythia, P.micros, _____, _____, and ______.

A

P. gingivalis
C. rectus
P. intermedia

65
Q

Do smokers have a higher concentration of PMNs in the blood or in the periodontal pocket?

A

blood (PMNs arent functioning properly and there is less GCF toward the JE)

66
Q

What is ICAM?

A

a soluble adhesion molecule that localizes PMNs

67
Q

Smoking is associated with _____ reduction in probe depth and ______ attachment gain after nonsurgical treatment.

A

Poorer

less

AU 15- Periodontology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions